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Open Access

Retraction

Retraction: FSM-F: Finite State Machine Based Framework for Denial of Service and Intrusion Detection in MANET

  • The PLOS One Editors

The PLOS One Editors retract this article [1] due to concerns about:

  • The use of terminology that differs from standards in the field (e.g. “interruption discovery” instead of “intrusion detection”),
  • Text in section “Packet Dropping Attack” that appears similar in content to a previously published article [2] that was not cited.
  • Text in section “Interruption Detection AODV (ID-AODV)” that appears similar in content to a previously published article [3] that was cited as Reference 20.

All authors either did not respond directly or could not be reached.

References

  1. 1. N Ahmed M, Abdullah AH, Kaiwartya O. RETRACTED: FSM-F: Finite State Machine Based Framework for Denial of Service and Intrusion Detection in MANET. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156885. pmid:27285146
  2. 2. Ning P, Sun K. How to misuse AODV: a case study of insider attacks against mobile ad-hoc routing protocols. IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Information Assurance Workshop, 2003. West Point, NY, USA, 2003. 60–67.
  3. 3. Tseng CY, Balasubramanyam P, Ko C, Limprasittiporn R, Rowe J, Levitt K. A specification-based intrusion detection system for AODV. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks (SASN ‘03). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2003. 125–134.

Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2026) Retraction: FSM-F: Finite State Machine Based Framework for Denial of Service and Intrusion Detection in MANET. PLoS One 21(2): e0343279. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343279

Published: February 23, 2026

Copyright: © 2026 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.