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Open Access

Expression of Concern

Expression of Concern: Multi-convolutional neural networks for cotton disease detection using synergistic deep learning paradigm

  • The PLOS One Editors

After this article [1] was published, the following concerns were noted:

  • The article cited as Reference 58 was retracted before [1] was published.
  • The articles cited as Reference 23-27, 29, and 68-71 do not appear to support the corresponding cited statements [1].

In addition, the PLOS One Editors have concerns about the article’s compliance with the PLOS Authorship policy.

In light of the cumulative issues, the PLOS One Editors issue this Expression of Concern. Readers are advised to interpret the article [1] with caution.

Additionally, the following errors were identified in the References list:

  • The article cited as Reference 2 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 66.
  • The article cited as Reference 3 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 6.
  • The article cited as Reference 7 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 36.
  • The article cited as Reference 9 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 61.
  • The article cited as Reference 10 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 63.
  • The article cited as Reference 12 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 62.
  • The article cited as Reference 13 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 37.
  • The article cited as Reference 14 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 35.
  • The article cited as Reference 15 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 67.
  • The article cited as Reference 16 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 64.
  • The article cited as Reference 17 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 38.
  • The article cited as Reference 33 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 65.
  • The article cited as Reference 41 in the published article is incorrectly duplicated as Reference 72.
  • The articles cited as References 8, 19, 42, 51, 52, 56, 58, 61-67, and 72 are missing from the text and data of the article.

Reference

  1. 1. Aslam A, Usman SM, Zubair M, Yasin A, Owais M, Hussain I. Multi-convolutional neural networks for cotton disease detection using synergistic deep learning paradigm. PLoS One. 2025;20(5):e0324293. pmid:40424461

Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2026) Expression of Concern: Multi-convolutional neural networks for cotton disease detection using synergistic deep learning paradigm. PLoS One 21(2): e0343102. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343102

Published: February 17, 2026

Copyright: © 2026 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.