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Open Access

Expression of Concern

Expression of Concern: Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China

  • The PLOS One Editors

After this article [1] was published, the following concern was noted:

  • The articles cited as References 8, 11, and 43 were retracted before [1] was published due to concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process.

We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.

In light of this concern, the PLOS One Editors issue this Expression of Concern. Readers are advised to interpret the article [1] with caution.

Reference

  1. 1. Liu Q, Zheng J, Luo S. Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China. PLoS One. 2025;20(1):e0316823. pmid:39841708

Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2026) Expression of Concern: Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China. PLoS One 21(2): e0342733. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342733

Published: February 12, 2026

Copyright: © 2026 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.