Advertisement
Browse Subject Areas
?

Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field.

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.

  • Loading metrics

Open Access

Expression of Concern

Expression of Concern: A novel image encryption technique using hybrid method of discrete dynamical chaotic maps and Brownian motion

  • The PLOS One Editors

After this article [1] was published, the following concerns were noted:

  • The articles cited as Reference 3, 9 and 51 were retracted after [1] was published due to concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process.
  • The article exhibits abnormal citation patterns (e.g. the citation of references [17-70] in support of a single statement).

In light of the cumulative issues, the PLOS One Editors issue this Expression of Concern. Readers are advised to interpret the article [1] with caution.

Reference

  1. 1. Khan M, Masood F, Alghafis A, Amin M, Batool Naqvi SI. A novel image encryption technique using hybrid method of discrete dynamical chaotic maps and Brownian motion. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0225031. pmid:31856231

Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2025) Expression of Concern: A novel image encryption technique using hybrid method of discrete dynamical chaotic maps and Brownian motion. PLoS One 20(12): e0339232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339232

Published: December 19, 2025

Copyright: © 2025 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.