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Open Access

Retraction

Retraction: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic period on stock market return and volatility. Evidence from the Pakistan Stock Exchange

  • The PLOS One Editors

The PLOS One Editors retract this article [1] because it was identified as one of a series of submissions for which we have concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process, peer review integrity, and authorship. These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results. We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.

MW, MA, HAH, and SMB did not agree with the retraction. BW and KA either did not respond directly or could not be reached.

Reference

  1. 1. Wang B, Waris M, Adamiak K, Adnan M, Hamad HA, Bhatti SM. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic period on stock market return and volatility. Evidence from the Pakistan Stock Exchange. PLoS One. 2024;19(4):e0295853. pmid:38625885

Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2025) Retraction: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic period on stock market return and volatility. Evidence from the Pakistan Stock Exchange. PLoS One 20(9): e0331598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331598

Published: September 4, 2025

Copyright: © 2025 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.