Peer Review History

Original SubmissionDecember 4, 2023
Decision Letter - Avanti Dey, Editor

PONE-D-23-38848Sectoral Sensitivity of the Kuwait Stock Market to a Dual ShockPLOS ONE

Dear Dr. alotaibi,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

The manuscript has been evaluated by two reviewers, and their comments are available below.

Could you please revise the manuscript to carefully address the concerns raised?

Please submit your revised manuscript by Sep 27 2024 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org . When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:

  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.
  • A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.
  • An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.

If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

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We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Avanti Dey, PhD

Staff Editor

PLOS ONE

Journal Requirements:

Additional Editor Comments (if provided):

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Partly

Reviewer #3: Yes

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2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: No

Reviewer #3: Yes

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3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

Reviewer #3: Yes

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4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

Reviewer #3: Yes

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5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: This article focuses on the sectoral sensitivities of the Kuwaiti stock market in the presence of double shocks and uses models such as the dynamic causal model and the frequency domain model to determine the long-run and short-run relationship. The conclusions and discussion are interesting and the policy recommendations are relatively detailed.

Reviewer #2: Dear Authors,

Thank you for submitting your paper to PLOS One. Please refer to the attached file for detailed feedback on your paper. I hope you find the suggestions helpful for revising your manuscript.

Good luck with your revisions.

Best regards,

Reviewer #3: This is an excellent paper embodying innovation, originality, and creativity. It represents a timely piece of research on an important topical issue and an excellent command of analytical techniques.

I do not suggest any changes except for serious proofreading and minor editing.

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Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: Yes:  Masud Alam

Reviewer #3: No

**********

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Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: PONE-D-23-38848_RefreeReport.pdf
Revision 1

We would like to thank you for all the comments and feedback on our manuscript. We have completed all requested changes and have developed a comprehensive report to support our manuscript resubmission.

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Referee report_Response.docx
Decision Letter - Jamel Boukhatem, Editor

PONE-D-23-38848R1Sectoral Sensitivity of the Kuwait Stock Market to a Dual ShockPLOS ONE

Dear Dr. alotaibi,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

Please submit your revised manuscript by May 17 2025 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org . When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:

  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.
  • A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.
  • An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.

If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols . Additionally, PLOS ONE offers an option for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols .

We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Jamel Boukhatem

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #2: All comments have been addressed

Reviewer #3: All comments have been addressed

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2. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #2: Partly

Reviewer #3: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #2: No

Reviewer #3: Yes

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #2: No

Reviewer #3: Yes

**********

5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #2: Yes

Reviewer #3: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #2: Please see the attached comments and I request you carefully consider the comments and address them in your revised paper. Best,

Reviewer #3: The abstract is too long. It should be more succinct and precise. Currently, it looks like an executive summary.

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7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean? ). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #2: Yes:  Masud Alam

Reviewer #3: No

**********

[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]

While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/ . PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org . Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: PONE-D-23-38848R1_Referee report.pdf
Revision 2

We have completed all requested changes and have developed a comprehensive report to support our manuscript resubmission.

The core points to consider include:

1. Updated manuscript with track changes to ensure that you are able to identify all amendments and additional information.

2. Updated manuscript without track changes.

3. Response letter with all comments addressed and full explanations provided that you can find in our submission.

We remain at your disposal for any further comments or clarifications that might be needed.

Yours sincerely,

Talal Alotaibi

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: response to Referee report_Talal.docx
Decision Letter - Jamel Boukhatem, Editor

PONE-D-23-38848R2Sectoral Sensitivity of the Kuwait Stock Market to a Dual ShockPLOS ONE

Dear Dr. Morales,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

Please submit your revised manuscript by Aug 30 2025 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org . When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:

  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.
  • A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.
  • An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.

If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols . Additionally, PLOS ONE offers an option for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols .

We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Jamel Boukhatem

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Journal Requirements:

If the reviewer comments include a recommendation to cite specific previously published works, please review and evaluate these publications to determine whether they are relevant and should be cited. There is no requirement to cite these works unless the editor has indicated otherwise. 

Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #4: (No Response)

**********

2. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #4: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #4: Yes

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #4: Yes

**********

5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #4: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #4: Revisions Required

(1). Redundancy: Reduce repetition across Introduction, Discussion, and Abstract (e.g., repeated reporting of sectoral drops). The formatting needs to be improved, especially for sector drop figures, to ensure consistency with axis scales, labelling, and legends. Also, the author should summarize key takeaways below descriptive tables to aid interpretability.

(2). Optionally, compare findings with other GCC economies to enhance regional relevance.

(3). Although the rationale for avoiding robustness checks on residuals is justified, a clearer explanation (or relegation to the Appendix) would help clarify.

(4). Address minor typographical issues (e.g., inconsistent spacing, variable formatting) and revise for brevity where sections become overly lengthy.

**********

7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean? ). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy .

Reviewer #4: Yes:  Semiu Ayinla Alayande

**********

[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]

While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/ . PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org . Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Reviewer Report -PONE-D-23-38848.docx
Revision 3

Dear Reviewers,

Thank you very much for all your suggestions. All issues were addressed as follows.

Editor/s and Reviewer/s Feedback

This manuscript presents a comprehensive and timely examination of Kuwait's stock market sectoral response to the dual shock of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 oil price war. The study tends to be original and methodologically sound. It will also be highly relevant to academic researchers and policy-makers interested in the dynamics of oil-dependent economies. The paper addresses a clear gap in the literature, providing a sectoral-level analysis of an underexplored context (Kuwait) about a significant dual economic health crisis. Using Johansen Cointegration, Granger Causality, and Frequency Domain Causality provides a robust multi-angle approach. Strong empirical analysis highlighting differential sector responses (e.g., Basic Materials, Industrials, Consumer Services) led to the effective use of figures and tables to visualize market drops. Also, the findings will be helpful for investment strategy and policy design, especially regarding risk management and economic diversification in oil-dependent economies. However, some clarity still needs to be sorted out.

Revisions Required

(1). Redundancy: Reduce repetition across Introduction, Discussion, and Abstract (e.g., repeated reporting of sectoral drops). The formatting needs to be improved, especially for sector drop figures, to ensure consistency with axis scales, labelling, and legends. Also, the author should summarize key takeaways below descriptive tables to aid interpretability.

Response:

Thank you for pointing this out. We have gone through the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections to remove repeated reporting of sectoral drops, keeping each section focused and avoiding duplication.

To make the tables easier to interpret, we have added short “Key Takeaways” summaries directly beneath each descriptive table as follows:

Table 2

Table 2: This details the Kuwait All Share index and its sectors, with Financial Services (49 companies) and Real Estate (39 companies) as the largest sectors, underscoring their significant role in the market’s response to the dual shock. Source: Refinitiv DataStream (2023).

Figure 2

Figure 2: Kuwait Stock Market Sectors Decline amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. The figure highlights the lowest point reached by the sectors, which was recorded on March 23, 2020. Sectors such as Consumer Services, Industrials, and Basic Materials declined by more than 30%, while Oil and Gas and Telecommunications decreased by 18% and 15% respectively. Insurance and Consumer Goods dropped by 6%, and Technology and Healthcare dropped by 4% and 2%, respectively. Source: DataStream (2023).

Table 3

Note: This table reports the summary statistics of daily prices and returns for Kuwait stock market sectors. The research sample under consideration spans December 31, 2015, to February 23, 2022— Key Takeaway: Healthcare and Basic Materials show the highest return but also extreme volatility (kurtosis>140). The Std. Dev. (standard deviation) represents the prices and returns initial volatility perfomance. The Jarque-Bera for normality is included (the p-value at 1% significance level was considered with values presented in the probability section). Source: Data Stream (2022)

Table 4

Note: This table reports the summary statistics of daily prices and returns for Oil benchmarks. The research sample under consideration spans between December 31 2015 and February 23 2022. Key Takeaway: WTI is the most volatile benchmark (Std. Dev. 31.7%), while all oil benchmarks showed significant leptokurtic distribution, indicating heavy tails and extreme events. The Std. Dev. (standard deviation) representing initial volatility patterns. The Jarque-Bera for normality is included (the p-value at 1% significance level was considered with values presented in the probability section). Source: Data Stream (2022).

(2). Optionally, compare findings with other GCC economies to enhance regional relevance.

We appreciate this suggestion and agree it adds value. We have now included a comparative discussion in the Discussion section, drawing on recent studies of other GCC stock markets during the COVID-19 and oil price shocks. This comparison shows common patterns, such as the energy and industrial sectors being the most affected, as follows:

These findings are consistent with studies from other GCC markets. For instance, Alotaibi and Morales (2022) found that March 23, 2020, recorded the lowest point across GCC markets during the global health crisis. The Dubai index (DFMGI) was the most impacted, dropping by 37%, followed by the Kuwaiti index (KSE), which fell by 25%. On the other hand, the Saudi index (TASI), the Bahrain index (Bahrain), Qatar index (Qatar), and Oman (Muscut) recorded the lowest impact, with drops of 24%, 16%, 14%, and 13%, respectively (Alotaibi and Morales, 2022). On the other hand, at a sectoral level, the analyses reveal a consistent pattern: Industrials and Oil and Gas sectors in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, while the Services sector was the most impacted sector for the UAE, Oman, and Kuwait (Alsamman and Akkas, 2022). Moreover, Mhadhabi et al. (2024) confirm the high sensitivity of Industrials and Oil and Gas sectors to oil prices in Saudi Arabia and Qatar stock markets over a longer period, 2008-2022. In addition, Ben Amar et al. (2025) further identify that Financial Services and Industrials are the most impacted sectors by oil volatility for Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Oman stock markets over the period from 2006 to 2022. In the Saudi market, specifically, Elamer et al. (2022) found that during COVID-19, the Industrials, Basic Materials, Banking, and oil and Gas sectors were the most affected, while the Real-estate, Insurance, and Healthcare sectors were the least affected.

(3). Although the rationale for avoiding robustness checks on residuals is justified, a clearer explanation (or relegation to the Appendix) would help clarify.

Response:

We have clarified our reasoning for not conducting robustness checks on residuals in the Methodology section, making the explanation more concise and direct. For readers who want full details, The original section was moved to the appendix, and the following paragraph was added to the text.

3.2.5 Justification for Model Selection and Robustness Checks

Traditional residual-based robustness checks (e.g. autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity tests) are unsuitable for Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality models estimated in levels, as standard assumptions do not hold. Robustness in this study is ensured by triangulating results across multiple econometric models and time horizons, consistent with best practice in financial time series econometrics (Asteriou & Hall, 2015). Full theoretical justification is detailed in Appendix 2 Section 3.2.5.

(4). Address minor typographical issues (e.g., inconsistent spacing, variable formatting) and revise for brevity where sections become overly lengthy.

Response:

We have proofread the manuscript thoroughly to correct spacing, punctuation, and formatting inconsistencies. We also shortened some longer sections in the Introduction and Discussion, so they read more concisely while keeping all key points intact.

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Response_toReviewerReport_August2025.docx
Decision Letter - Jamel Boukhatem, Editor

Sectoral Sensitivity of the Kuwait Stock Market to a Dual Shock

PONE-D-23-38848R3

Dear Dr. Morales,

We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.

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Kind regards,

Jamel Boukhatem

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Additional Editor Comments (optional):

Reviewers' comments:

Formally Accepted
Acceptance Letter - Jamel Boukhatem, Editor

PONE-D-23-38848R3

PLOS ONE

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