Dear editor and reviewers:
Thank you for offering us an opportunity to improve the quality of our submitted manuscript
(Can network attention effectively stimulate corporate ESG practices? — Evidence from
China). I thank the reviewers for their critical assessment of our work. I have tried
our best to improve and made some changes in the manuscript. In the following, I will
address their concerns point by point. Thanks a lot for your reviewing. I'm sorry
that some pictures and models are not easy to edit in TXT, can you see the word version
uploaded by the system? The word version respond to reviewers in more detail.
Responds to the reviewers' comments:
Reviewer 1:
Comment: The study is generally weak and has weaknesses regarding the interpretation
of findings, revealing the importance of the subject, revealing detailed findings,
discussion of findings, and conclusion. In addition, robustness checks are appropriate,
but regression analysis makes the subject examination weak. The study is open to development.
Reply:Thanks very much for the reviewer's feedback. I have endeavoured to amend the
various sections of the paper such as the introduction, literature review, theoretical
assumptions, data results and discussion of the results in an attempt to make this
paper not too feeble in general.
In response to the questions raised by the reviewer, I have made specific improvements
in the following aspects. Simultaneously, I will extract every detailed question and
attach specific screenshots of each question for the content in the paper, and a more
detailed responses will be provided one by one.
1. Weaknesses regarding the interpretation of findings. I have reexamined and provided
further elucidation on empirical results in the manuscript.
2. Revealing the importance of the subject. ① I have revised the introduction section
and streamlined the relevant content of the introduction, striving to introduce the
research topic of this article based on your opinions, so as to highlight the significance
of the topic research. For example, the introduction of ESG based knowledge and policy
has been removed. “The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) first introduced the concept
of ESG in June 2004, advocating that companies should consider the unified development
of the environment, society and governance while focusing on business, going beyond
the classic financial performance indicators. In March 2021, China proposed the “double
carbon” target of achieving "peak carbon" by 2030 and "carbon neutrality" by 2060.
Simultaneously, the executive meeting of the State Council also proposed to strengthen
the quality of listed companies further, perfect the governance rules of listed companies
and enhance the transparency of information as well as the quality of disclosure.”
② I added an introduction to ESG related research in the third paragraph of the introduction,
summarizing the current status of ESG research. In addition, I emphasized that online
attention, as an informal regulation, is a powerful supplement to formal institutions
and has a significant impact on ESG practices in enterprises, therefore, this paper
is of certain research value from a theoretical background perspective. (Line 48-60)
③ To make the story clearer, the adjusted introduction part is divided into seven
paragraphs. The first paragraph introduces the practical background and proposes that
the participation of retail investors is an essential part of establishing and improving
the ESG system. In the second paragraph, the issue that network attention has a significant
impact on the ESG strategic choice of enterprises is raised in this paper. I hope
to make a good transition in the practical background introduction, linking the network
focus of this paper with enterprise ESG practice, so that the topic of this paper
is of certain significance. In the third paragraph, I hope to further elaborate on
the importance of this paper in theory as much as possible. In the imperfect legal
market in China, there is relatively little research on the impact of online attention
as an informal regulation on corporate ESG practices. In brief, the research question
raised is whether network attention with internet traffic effects will affect enterprise
ESG practices, which fills the gap. (Line 21-60)
3. Revealing detailed findings . ① To reveal detailed research results, I have updated
the data in the paper to 2021 based on the reviewer's suggestion. Due to ESG and internet
attention to database disclosure data year restrictions. The final sample period of
this paper was selected from 2011 to 2021, and the sample size has increased from
7633 to 9558 now. There are slight changes in terms of the coefficients of all regression
results in the article, however, the main conclusions remain unchanged and still support
the original hypothesis. For example, the main regression coefficients were previously
shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 was obtained after adjustment.
② The introduction about the research conclusions of this article was not very clear,
therefore, it has been rewritten. Due to China's special system and the different
external environments faced by enterprises, it is worth further discussing whether
there are different impacts of online attention on enterprise ESG in different scenarios.
I provided a detailed theoretical introduction and empirical test of the heterogeneity
research findings in the fifth part, therefore, a summary of the results was presented
in the introduction. (Line 67-72)
③ In terms of possible innovations in this paper, I have modified it to discuss the
main arguments and findings of this paper. (Line 95-104)
④ In the discussion section, I have supplemented the discussion of the findings in
this paper. I am unsure if the discussion is sufficient, and I look forward to your
review and suggestions. (Line 484-500)
4. Revealing detailed findings, discussion of findings. I have rewritten the findings
and discussion sections. (Line 441-500)
5. Robustness checks are appropriate, but regression analysis makes the subject examination
weak. In addressing the crucial aspect of robustness, the present study acknowledges
the inadequacies in the treatment of this matter in the original manuscript. In an
earnest attempt to enhance its quality, the author has meticulously redeveloped the
section pertaining to the explanation of robustness testing outcomes. (Line 318-359)
Reviewer 1
Comment 1: There is a short form of the ESG phrase in the Abstract but there is no
long form of the ESG phrase though it is mentioned the first time in the Abstract.
Reply 1: I’d really appreciate the reviewer’s suggestions. Due to my negligence of
these details, ESG is not in its long form in when it appears at the first time. I
have corrected it in the abstract, details are as follows: “Abstract: Environmental,
social, and governance (ESG) has emerged as a widespread concern for all societal
segments. ” (Line 9)
Comment 2: The introduction section should be developed in light of the literature.
Reply 2: The reviewer’s opinion is very pertinent. I spared no efforts to improve
the storyline and carefully revised the introduction in light of the literature, so
as to highlight the importance of the theme.
To make the story clearer, the adjusted introduction part is divided into seven paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, I argued that the participation of individual retail investors
is an indispensable element in establishing a robust ESG framework. I aim to establish
a meaningful connection between the online attention and the corporate ESG transformation,
thus imparting substantive value and significance to the chosen topic from a real-world
perspective. In the second paragraph, I further emphasize online attention will gradually
become a resource affecting investment decisions of enterprises . In the third paragraph,
I hope to further elaborate on the importance of this paper in theory as much as possible.
In the imperfect legal market in China, there is relatively little research on the
impact of online attention as an informal regulation on corporate ESG practices. In
brief, the research question raised is whether network attention with internet traffic
effects will affect enterprise ESG practices, which fills the gap. (Line 21-104 )
Comment 3: The long form of the ESG phrase should be added since it is first mentioned
in the manuscript.
Reply 3: Based on the reviewer’s comments, I have remembered that the long form of
ESG phrases should be added when ESG is first mentioned in the abstract and main text.
I have made modifications in the first paragraph of the main text, details are as
follows: “The concept of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) is highly consistent
with the national development strategy and has become an important measure for sustainable
development of enterprises, attracting widespread attention from consumers, investors,
and other stakeholders.” (Line29-32 )
Comment 4: This is not formal language or academic writing for the literature. Believe
phrase is not suitable.
Reply 4: ① According to the reviewer’s opinion, there is a lack of clear and accurate
expression in academic writing in the paper. Firstly, in response to the inappropriate
use of the word ‘believe’, I have made three changes in this paper. For example: “Simultaneously,
online attention possesses external governance effects, predominantly by enhancing
corporate ESG practices through the mechanisms of supervisory advantages, image promotion
incentives, and alleviation of financing constraints. ” (Line 64-67 )
② Simultaneously, I carefully polished the paper and worked hard to achieve accurate
expression. If you feel that there are still problems when reading it, I will further
refine and revise to improve my English writing skills.
Comment 5: Who belongs to these results? Is there any proof for this interpretation
in the literature?
Reply 5: As far as I am concerned, there may be ambiguity in my expression in this
part because I have not expressed it accurately. I mainly want to express that this
study evaluates the functional boundaries of network attention from the perspective
of heterogeneity. As far as I am concerned, there may be ambiguity in my expression
in this part because I have not expressed it accurately. I mainly want to express
that this study evaluates the functional boundaries of network attention from the
perspective of heterogeneity. As far as I am concerned, there may be ambiguity in
my expression in this part because I have not expressed it accurately. I mainly want
to express that this study evaluates the functional boundaries of network attention
from the perspective of heterogeneity. I conducted theoretical discussions and empirical
tests on heterogeneity analysis in 5. Further analysis, according to the results,
in high marketization, strong industry competition, as well as non-state-owned enterprises,
the positive correlation between network attention and ESG practice is more significant.
(Line 360-426)
Comment 6: The contribution of the study to the literature has not been sufficiently
mentioned. Regression analysis can go further and more detailed findings can be obtained.
Also, further analyses are not mentioned in the method and appear suddenly.
Reply 6: I appreciate it very much for this good suggestion, and I have done it according
to your ideas. ① I have reorganized and summarized three possible contributions of
this paper. (Line 73-104)
② In the fifth section, labeled as “Further Analysis,” I engage in a comprehensive
discussion of the heterogeneity of the results obtained from additional analyses.
However, concerning the exposition of the research methodology section, I did not
present the specific models(model 1/model 2/model 3) explicitly within the manuscript.
Instead, I provided textual elucidations to describe their relevance and application.
For instance: I employ the marketization index developed by Wang, Fan and Hu (2019)
[60] to determine each location’s marketization level effectively. In Eq. (1), I introduce
an interaction term (ATT×Market) to investigate the moderating effect of the marketization
process comprehensively. (Line 360-426)
Comment 7: The literature review section is weak and should be developed according
to the empirical literature.
Reply 7: In accordance with the reviewer’s suggestion, I amended the literature review
section and supplemented it with crucial literature that I had previously left out.①
Literature on the economic consequences of internet concerns. I summarize the research
on the economic consequences of online attention, which focuses on the impact on capital
markets, and provide examples of the relevant literature. I also added the most relevant
literature on the impact of online attention on firms’ behavioural decisions. (Line
106-129)
② In terms of the literature on the influencing factors of ESG, I previously conducted
a literature review on the influencing factors of ESG from the perspectives of executive
characteristics, business environment, as well as internal and external governance.
Now, I have first introduced a wealth of literature on the single dimensional influencing
factors of ESG, and pointed out three review articles. Secondly, the comprehensive
research literature of ESG was reviewed from the perspectives of macro environment
(culture, politics, market environment, etc.), corporate characteristics (ownership,
scale, corporate strategy, etc.), corporate governance (equity, board of directors,
manager incentives, external governance mechanisms, etc.), as well as many other influencing
factors, which greatly supplemented some important literature on the original basis.
(Line 130-161)
Comment 8: What is the purpose of choosing this time for the author or authors? Why
do not the author or authors go further back?
Reply 8: ① The data on network attention volume comes from the CNRDS (Chinese Research
Data Services) database, which provides the network search index values of listed
companies in China since 2011 (see Figure 3 of the database introduction, sorry, only
the Chinese version is available). The ESG performance data of enterprises is obtained
from the Bloomberg database, and the ESG rating of listed companies provided by Bloomberg
Consulting has become a relatively well-developed indicator system in China.
② According to the comments of reviewers, I updated the data sample again and selected
the data of 2011-2021. There will be slight changes in data in all empirical results
(Table 1- Table 6) in the paper, but theoretical derivation will also be supported,
and all conclusions in the paper remain unchanged.
Comment 9:What do ST or PT categories mean and what are the long form of ST or PT
categories?
Reply 9: ①These PT and ST samples are eliminated to avoid the bias of regression results
resulted from special samples. PT is short for Particular Transfer. PT shares refers
to shares of listed companies that have suffered losses for three consecutive years,
and their shares will be suspended from listing. Such suspended shares will be subject
to special transfer services. ST is special treatment, which refers to shares of domestic
listed companies that have suffered losses for two consecutive years, and are subject
to special treatment. Because there is a mark of whether the company is listed normally
in the current year or ST, PT in the China Stock Market & Accounting Research database.
(Line 237)
② I will give a footnote on PT and ST enterprises are eliminated from the data cleaning
process. (Page 11)
Comment 10: There is no citation although there is a “ Based on the ESG-related literature”
phrase.
Reply 10: I am grateful for the suggestions provided by the reviewer. The selection
of control variables in this study is primarily guided by the following prominent
references [1,2,3]. In order to adhere to the standards of scholarly writing, I have
incorporated two relevant and significant references into the manuscript. (Line 267)
Simultaneously, I will explain why these control variables were chosen. Due to space
limitations, I will not include detailed explanations in the main text. The control
variables I selected can be divided into the following categories: company characteristics
(Size、Ln Age、Lev、Roa), and corporate governance (MS、INST、Top1、Dual、Board、SOE).
Currently, it has been proven by some studies that these control variables an influence
ESG . Size [4,5]: Large companies are expected to allocate resources more effectively
and show higher ability in ESG. Ln Age [6]. Lev [7]: In companies with good governance,
the leverage ratio may be low. ROA [8,9]: Companies with good financial and market
performance and profitability have the resources and ability to bear the costs related
to ESG investment, and will face higher social constraints and public pressure, which
is positively and significantly related to the level of ESG. SOE [10]: State ownership
has a positive impact on the level of ESG. Interests of MS management may be inconsistent
with those of stakeholders, and the hegemony of management may limit investment in
sustainability related issues. INST [11]: The higher the shareholding ratio of INST
institutions, the higher the ESG performance. Dual [12]: Power is concentrated in
the hands of the CEO, which limits the supervision and control role of other directors
and shareholders. The company’s decisions do not always focus on the growth of business
value and respect for the wealth of stakeholders. The negative impact of CEO duality
on ESG performance. TOP1 [13]: The equity concentration of enterprises is negatively
correlated with the degree of ESG. Board [14]: The main empirical results reveal that
the board size positively influence a ESG performance while no significant relationship
between board average age and ESG performance is found.
[1]Gillan, S. L., A. Koch, and L. T. Starks. 2021. "Firms and Social Responsibility:
A Review of Esg and Csr Research in Corporate Finance." Journal of Corporate Finance
66: 101889. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101889.
[2]Fang, M., Nie, H., & Shen, X. (2023). Can enterprise digitization improve ESG performance?.
Economic Modelling, 118, 106101.
[3]Cao, J., W. Li and S. Xiao (2022). "Does mixed ownership reform affect private
firms’ ESG practices? Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in China." Financial
Markets, Institutions & Instruments.
[4]Barros, V., P. V. Matos, J. M. Sarmento, and P. R. Vieira. 2022. "M&a Activity
as a Driver for Better Esg Performance." Technological Forecasting and Social Change
175: 121338.
[5]Drempetic, S., Klein, C., & Zwergel, B. (2020). The influence of firm size on the
ESG score: Corporate sustainability ratings under review. Journal of Business Ethics,
167(2), 333-360.
[6]Mu, W., K. Liu, Y. Tao, and Y. Ye. 2023. "Digital Finance and Corporate Esg." Finance
Research Letters 51: 103426.
[7]Nadarajah, S., S. Ali, B. Liu, and A. Huang. 2018. "Stock Liquidity, Corporate
Governance and Leverage: New Panel Evidence." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 50: 216-234.
[8]Liu, R., F. Mai, Z. Shan, and Y. Wu. 2020. "Predicting Shareholder Litigation on
Insider Trading from Financial Text: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach." Information
& Management 57 (8): 103387. doi:10.1016/j.im.2020.103387.
[9]Sharma, P., P. Panday, and R. Dangwal. 2020. "Determinants of Environmental, Social
and Corporate Governance (Esg) Disclosure: A Study of Indian Companies." International
Journal of Disclosure and Governance 17: 208-217.
[10]Al Amosh, H., and S. F. Khatib. 2022. "Ownership Structure and Environmental,
Social and Governance Performance Disclosure: The Moderating Role of the Board Independence."
Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development 2 (1): 49-66.
[11]Wang, Y., Y. Lin, X. Fu, and S. Chen. 2023. "Institutional Ownership Heterogeneity
and Esg Performance: Evidence from China." Finance Research Letters 51: 103448.
[12]Romano, M., A. Cirillo, C. Favino, and A. Netti. 2020. "Esg (Environmental, Social
and Governance) Performance and Board Gender Diversity: The Moderating Role of Ceo
Duality." Sustainability 12 (21): 9298.
[13]Lavin, J. F., and A. A. Montecinos-Pearce. 2021. "Esg Disclosure in an Emerging
Market: An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Board Characteristics and Ownership
Structure." Sustainability 13 (19): 10498.
[14]Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2022). Board Diversity and ESG Performance: Evidence
from the Italian Banking Sector. Sustainability, 14(20), 13447.
Comment 11: Why do the author or authors use regression analysis? Why do the author
or authors use regression analysis? How does the literature study this topic? Which
method is used for this topic?
Reply 11: My understanding of the reviewer's doubts is as follows: this paper studies
the impact of network attention on ESG, multiple regression analysis mainly carried
out using unbalanced Panel data of enterprise annual oobservation. This regression
analysis method is a commonly adopted research method in the field of corporate finance.
For example, regression Analysis is also used in papers published on excellent journals
(Journal of Corporate Finance).
Comment 12: It is appropriate to use an alternative indicator for the network attention
variable. However, regression analysis may not be sufficient.
Reply 12: In order to enhance the reliability of the research findings, this study
also conducted robustness tests. ① In my attempt to address endogeneity concerns using
instrumental variable techniques, I have provided additional exposition on the potential
endogeneity issues that may arise in this study. I have also provided an explanation
for the selection of outstanding shares as instrumental variables and its rationale
in this study. ② I have included a supplementary analysis of the robustness test results
in this study. (Line 318-355)
Comment 13: These section are highly important for the manuscripts. But there is no
enough discussion section and conlusion section is weak too. Mathematical findings
are not adequately interpreted. The study, should be written in a more academic language
and is open to development.
Reply 13: I have rewritten the findings and discussion sections. Firstly, the relationship
between ESG and CSR has been identified in the discussion of results, indicating that
the paper argues that there are differences between the two. Secondly, the drivers
of firms' ESG practices are addressed from an informal systems perspective, and the
findings in the paper reveal that online attention is a significant external governance
mechanism for firms, as is media attention. Thirdly, the possible theoretical contribution
of this paper is discussed in terms of the extension of the economic consequences
of online attention to the corporate governance literature. Lastly, the conclusions
of this paper's study have been further discussed. (Line 428-499)
If the discussion is still inadequate, further revisions will be undertaken. I am
looking forward to your valuable comments
Reviewer 2
Comment 1: Information about the method used should be given in the methodology section.
Information should be given about how control variables are determined and how they
are selected. The control variables used can be supported by attribution.
Reply 1: I’d really appreciate the reviewer’s suggestions. I have endeavoured to amend
the various sections of the paper such as the introduction, literature review, theoretical
assumptions, data results and discussion of the results in an attempt to make this
paper more better.
① In the fifth section, labeled as "Further Analysis," I engage in a comprehensive
discussion of the heterogeneity of the results obtained from additional analyses.
However, concerning the exposition of the research methodology section, I did not
present the specific models(model 1/model 2/model 3) explicitly within the manuscript.
Instead, I provided textual elucidations to describe their relevance and application.
For instance: “I employ the marketization index developed by Wang, Fan and Hu (2019)
[60] to determine each location’s marketization level effectively. In Eq. (1), I introduce
an interaction term (ATT×Market) to investigate the moderating effect of the marketization
process comprehensively.”
②The selection of control variables in this study is primarily guided by the following
prominent references [1,2,3]. In order to adhere to the standards of scholarly writing,
I have incorporated two relevant and significant references into the manuscript.
Simultaneously, I will explain why these control variables were chosen. Due to space
limitations, I will not include detailed explanations in the main text. The control
variables I selected can be divided into the following categories: company characteristics
(Size、Ln Age、Lev、Roa), and corporate governance (MS、INST、Top1、Dual、Board、SOE).
Currently, it has been proven by some studies that these control variables an influence
ESG . Size [4,5]: Large companies are expected to allocate resources more effectively
and show higher ability in ESG. Ln Age [6]. Lev [7]: In companies with good governance,
the leverage ratio may be low. ROA [8,9]: Companies with good financial and market
performance and profitability have the resources and ability to bear the costs related
to ESG investment, and will face higher social constraints and public pressure, which
is positively and significantly related to the level of ESG. SOE [10]: State ownership
has a positive impact on the level of ESG. Interests of MS management may be inconsistent
with those of stakeholders, and the hegemony of management may limit investment in
sustainability related issues. INST [11]: The higher the shareholding ratio of INST
institutions, the higher the ESG performance. Dual [12]: Power is concentrated in
the hands of the CEO, which limits the supervision and control role of other directors
and shareholders. The company’s decisions do not always focus on the growth of business
value and respect for the wealth of stakeholders. The negative impact of CEO duality
on ESG performance. TOP1 [13]: The equity concentration of enterprises is negatively
correlated with the degree of ESG. Board [14]: The main empirical results reveal that
the board size positively influence a ESG performance while no significant relationship
between board average age and ESG performance is found.
[1]Gillan, S. L., A. Koch, and L. T. Starks. 2021. "Firms and Social Responsibility:
A Review of Esg and Csr Research in Corporate Finance." Journal of Corporate Finance
66: 101889. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101889.
[2]Fang, M., Nie, H., & Shen, X. (2023). Can enterprise digitization improve ESG performance?.
Economic Modelling, 118, 106101.
[3]Cao, J., W. Li and S. Xiao (2022). "Does mixed ownership reform affect private
firms’ ESG practices? Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in China." Financial
Markets, Institutions & Instruments.
[4]Barros, V., P. V. Matos, J. M. Sarmento, and P. R. Vieira. 2022. "M&a Activity
as a Driver for Better Esg Performance." Technological Forecasting and Social Change
175: 121338.
[5]Drempetic, S., Klein, C., & Zwergel, B. (2020). The influence of firm size on the
ESG score: Corporate sustainability ratings under review. Journal of Business Ethics,
167(2), 333-360.
[6]Mu, W., K. Liu, Y. Tao, and Y. Ye. 2023. "Digital Finance and Corporate Esg." Finance
Research Letters 51: 103426.
[7]Nadarajah, S., S. Ali, B. Liu, and A. Huang. 2018. "Stock Liquidity, Corporate
Governance and Leverage: New Panel Evidence." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 50: 216-234.
[8]Liu, R., F. Mai, Z. Shan, and Y. Wu. 2020. "Predicting Shareholder Litigation on
Insider Trading from Financial Text: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach." Information
& Management 57 (8): 103387. doi:10.1016/j.im.2020.103387.
[9]Sharma, P., P. Panday, and R. Dangwal. 2020. "Determinants of Environmental, Social
and Corporate Governance (Esg) Disclosure: A Study of Indian Companies." International
Journal of Disclosure and Governance 17: 208-217.
[10]Al Amosh, H., and S. F. Khatib. 2022. "Ownership Structure and Environmental,
Social and Governance Performance Disclosure: The Moderating Role of the Board Independence."
Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development 2 (1): 49-66.
[11]Wang, Y., Y. Lin, X. Fu, and S. Chen. 2023. "Institutional Ownership Heterogeneity
and Esg Performance: Evidence from China." Finance Research Letters 51: 103448.
[12]Romano, M., A. Cirillo, C. Favino, and A. Netti. 2020. "Esg (Environmental, Social
and Governance) Performance and Board Gender Diversity: The Moderating Role of Ceo
Duality." Sustainability 12 (21): 9298.
[13]Lavin, J. F., and A. A. Montecinos-Pearce. 2021. "Esg Disclosure in an Emerging
Market: An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Board Characteristics and Ownership
Structure." Sustainability 13 (19): 10498.
[14]Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2022). Board Diversity and ESG Performance: Evidence
from the Italian Banking Sector. Sustainability, 14(20), 13447.
I tried our best to improve the manuscript and I appreciate for Editors/Reviewers’
warm work earnestly, and hope that the correction will meet with approval. Once again,
thank you very much for your comments and suggestions.
Your sincerely,
En xie
bSchool of Management, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.Email: xenzi2022@163.com.
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