Peer Review History

Original SubmissionOctober 14, 2021
Decision Letter - Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Editor

PONE-D-21-32975Health insurance and financial hardship in cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemicPLOS ONE

Dear Dr. Williams,

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Kind regards,

Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

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"I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Dr. Rocque is supported by an American Cancer Society Mentored Research Scholar Grant (MRSG-17-051-01-PCSM) and has received research funding from Genentech, Pfizer, and Carevive and consulting fees for Genentech and Pfizer."

We note that you received funding from a commercial source: Genentech

Please provide an amended Competing Interests Statement that explicitly states this commercial funder, along with any other relevant declarations relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, marketed products, etc. 

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Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.

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Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

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Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: This is a well written and important topic on financial burden for cancer patients in the United States during the pandemic. Overall this is a well thought out paper, but I do have a few significant suggestions, and one minor comment.

Significant

1. The authors have made no attempt to identify how the financial impact to patients has changed since the pandemic. I am not suggesting additional analysis, but rather an examination of data pre-pandemic to see if the impact is different (or the same) as it was pre-pandemic in the discussion or limitations.

2. The authors have not addressed the overall impact on employment during the pandemic. Although some federal funding was provided in many cases this would have been a decrease over their regular income stream. Again I am not suggesting additional analysis but at a minimum this needs to be highlighted in the limitations, or an examination of the literature on this topic should be included in the discussion.

Minor

pg 12 of 21 line 122 "which covers may oral..." should read "which covers many oral..."

Reviewer #2: This is a well-written and concise analysis, and it provides a meaningful addition to the growing (and necessary) body of literature on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients and survivors. I particularly appreciate your including cost of internet in your survey, as this is, as you note, a potential barrier to telehealth uptake and may limit survivors' ability to engage with other aspects of the healthcare system as well. My comments are minimal but include the following:

1) Please consider omitting your use of "under-resourced" throughout the manuscript, or at least provide a clear definition to understand the research team's characterization of this term.

2) Did you collect any information on time since treatment or diagnosis, or on the respondents' current healthcare use/needs? If so, please report; if not, please note as a limitation, as these factors, particularly current healthcare needs, may influence one's difficulty paying for healthcare use.

3) Please provide more detail on how your outcomes of interest were measured? Were these yes/no questions, or did you use a scale? If the latter, provide detail on how the scale was dichotomized.

4) Was age collected as a continuous variable, or was it collected in the categories reported in Table 1? If the former, consider revising your categorizations more meaningfully to reflect age 65 as the age of Medicare eligibility and 18-39 as the NCI's definition of young adult. Similarly, how was the income threshold of $48K determined?

**********

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Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No

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Revision 1

February 21, 2022

Raymond Nienchen Kuo, PhD, Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Manuscript title: Health insurance and financial hardship in cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Dear Dr. Kuo and Reviewers,

We wish to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments and for the opportunity to respond. Please see our response below and the updated manuscript for our responses to the reviewer’s suggestions.

Thank you again for your consideration of this manuscript.

Response to journal requirements:

1. Please ensure that your manuscript meets PLOS ONE's style requirements, including those for file naming. The PLOS ONE style templates can be found at

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=wjVg/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf and

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=ba62/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf

Response: We have edited our manuscript to meet the PLOS ONE style requirements.

2. Please amend your current ethics statement to address the following concerns:

a) Did participants provide their written or verbal informed consent to participate in this study?

b) If consent was verbal, please explain i) why written consent was not obtained, ii) how you documented participant consent, and iii) whether the ethics committees/IRB approved this consent procedure.

Response: Survey respondents provided electronic, written consent for their participation in this survey. We have clarified this in the methods section.

“Respondents provided written informed consent for all PAF survey communications. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board approved this secondary analysis of the PAF survey data.”

3. Thank you for stating the following in the Competing Interests section: "I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Dr. Rocque is supported by an American Cancer Society Mentored Research Scholar Grant (MRSG-17-051-01-PCSM) and has received research funding from Genentech, Pfizer, and Carevive and consulting fees for Genentech and Pfizer." We note that you received funding from a commercial source: Genentech. Please provide an amended Competing Interests Statement that explicitly states this commercial funder, along with any other relevant declarations relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, marketed products, etc. Within this Competing Interests Statement, please confirm that this does not alter your adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials by including the following statement: "This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.” (as detailed online in our guide for authors http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/competing-interests). If there are restrictions on sharing of data and/or materials, please state these. Please note that we cannot proceed with consideration of your article until this information has been declared. Please include your amended Competing Interests Statement within your cover letter. We will change the online submission form on your behalf.

Response: We have edited our Competing Interests Statement to the following: “I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Dr. Rocque is supported by an American Cancer Society Mentored Research Scholar Grant (MRSG-17-051-01-PCSM) and has received research funding from Genentech, Pfizer, and Carevive and consulting fees for Genentech and Pfizer for work unrelated to the current study. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.” We have also included this in our updated cover letter.

We have edited our data availability statement to the following: “Data that support the findings of this study was collected for organizational and programmatic purposes by Patient Advocate Foundation and may be available upon request. Participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly.”

4. Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.

Response: We have reviewed our reference list and confirm it is complete and correct.

Response to reviewer comments:

Reviewer 1

This is a well written and important topic on financial burden for cancer patients in the United States during the pandemic. Overall this is a well thought out paper, but I do have a few significant suggestions, and one minor comment.

Significant

1. The authors have made no attempt to identify how the financial impact to patients has changed since the pandemic. I am not suggesting additional analysis, but rather an examination of data pre-pandemic to see if the impact is different (or the same) as it was pre-pandemic in the discussion or limitations.

Response: We agree this is an important issue to address and have added to our discussion section using data from Han and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0460).

“Our results suggest the financial hardship experienced by cancer survivors may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to pre-pandemic estimates, such as those in a recent study by Han and colleagues. Using the 2016 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey data, Han estimated 16% of cancer survivors experienced material financial hardship, which includes reduced spending on non-healthcare needs, and 27% experienced delayed or forgone health care due to cost.”

2. The authors have not addressed the overall impact on employment during the pandemic. Although some federal funding was provided in many cases this would have been a decrease over their regular income stream. Again I am not suggesting additional analysis but at a minimum this needs to be highlighted in the limitations, or an examination of the literature on this topic should be included in the discussion.

Response: We appreciate this very relevant suggestion. COVID-related employment changes were uncommon in our study, with 2% of respondents self-reporting pandemic-related loss of employment. Notably, 65% of our sample reported being retired or disabled at the time the survey data was collected, which suggests most of our sample would not be affected by pandemic-related employment changes. Furthermore, for minimum-wage earners in our sample, receipt of unemployment benefits may have also resulted in income increases rather than decreases. We have added these details to our limitation section.

“The results of our study could have been impacted by pandemic-related employment changes. However, this was uncommon in our study with only 2% of respondents reporting employment loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic.“

Minor

3. pg 12 of 21 line 122 "which covers may oral..." should read "which covers many oral..."

Response: Thank you for the attention to detail. We have edited accordingly.

Reviewer 2

This is a well-written and concise analysis, and it provides a meaningful addition to the growing (and necessary) body of literature on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients and survivors. I particularly appreciate your including cost of internet in your survey, as this is, as you note, a potential barrier to telehealth uptake and may limit survivors' ability to engage with other aspects of the healthcare system as well. My comments are minimal but include the following:

1. Please consider omitting your use of "under-resourced" throughout the manuscript, or at least provide a clear definition to understand the research team's characterization of this term.

Response: Thank you for this suggestion. We have deleted the term “under-resourced” from our manuscript. We have also clarified the potential sample bias in our limitations.

“The survey captures data from cancer survivors who previously received help accessing or paying for care from PAF and may not be representative of the larger cancer patient population.”

2. Did you collect any information on time since treatment or diagnosis, or on the respondents' current healthcare use/needs? If so, please report; if not, please note as a limitation, as these factors, particularly current healthcare needs, may influence one's difficulty paying for healthcare use.

Response: We agree that both time since diagnosis and current healthcare use or needs could influence payment for both healthcare and non-healthcare needs. However, the survey data used for this study was collected by Patient Advocate Foundation for administrative and programmatic purposes. Our analyses were thus limited by the use of secondary data. We have added this to our limitations section.

“Information potentially associated with both health insurance coverage and challenges paying for healthcare and non-healthcare needs, such as time since cancer diagnosis, current health care use or needs, and more detailed demographic information, was limited by use of secondary data.”

3. Please provide more detail on how your outcomes of interest were measured? Were these yes/no questions, or did you use a scale? If the latter, provide detail on how the scale was dichotomized.

Response: Respondents reported challenges paying for healthcare and non-healthcare needs using the single-item survey question, “Have you had trouble paying for any of the following since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic?” Respondents were then asked to select all that applied, which included food, household supplies, housing (rent or mortgage), utilities, phone, internet/data, car/gas/transportation, childcare/eldercare/home health services, and healthcare/medical costs (prescription medications, doctor’s visits, clinical/hospital services, medical supplies, etc.). We have added these details to our methods section.

4. Was age collected as a continuous variable, or was it collected in the categories reported in Table 1? If the former, consider revising your categorizations more meaningfully to reflect age 65 as the age of Medicare eligibility and 18-39 as the NCI's definition of young adult. Similarly, how was the income threshold of $48K determined?

Response: Age data was captured using the categories reported in Table 1, which again points to limitations presented by use of secondary data. We have added this to our limitations section.

“Information potentially associated with health insurance coverage and challenges paying for healthcare and non-healthcare needs, such as time since cancer diagnosis, current health care use or needs, and more detailed demographic information, was limited by use of secondary data.”

The income data in our study, which was also collected categorically, naturally fell into quartiles. To better understand potential differences between respondents with higher and lower household incomes, we dichotomized this data into those who had annual household incomes above and below the third quartile of income data. This translated to those an annual household income of < $48,000 (74% of our sample) compared to ≥ $48,000 (25% of our sample). Detailed income data is included in the table below.

Annual household income n %

≤ $23,999 486 33.6

$24,000-$47,999 582 40.2

$48,000-$71,999 223 15.4

$72,000-$95,999 74 5.1

$96,000-$119,999 13 0.9

≥ $120,000 52 3.6

Unknown 17 1.2

Thanks again for your consideration.

Sincerely,

Courtney P. Williams, DrPH

Postdoctoral Fellow

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Response to Reviewers.docx
Decision Letter - Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Editor

Health insurance and financial hardship in cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic

PONE-D-21-32975R1

Dear Dr. Williams,

We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.

Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.

An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. If you have any billing related questions, please contact our Author Billing department directly at authorbilling@plos.org.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. If they’ll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team as soon as possible -- no later than 48 hours after receiving the formal acceptance. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information, please contact onepress@plos.org.

Kind regards,

Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #1: All comments have been addressed

Reviewer #2: All comments have been addressed

**********

2. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: I am satisfied with responses from the authors. I have no further questions for the authors. Well done.

Reviewer #2: Thank you for your attention to addressing my previous comments and those of the other reviewer. I have no additional comments.

**********

7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean?). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy.

Reviewer #1: Yes: Christopher J. Longo

Reviewer #2: No

**********

Formally Accepted
Acceptance Letter - Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Editor

PONE-D-21-32975R1

Health insurance and financial hardship in cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Dear Dr. Williams:

I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Congratulations! Your manuscript is now with our production department.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team within the next 48 hours. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information please contact onepress@plos.org.

If we can help with anything else, please email us at plosone@plos.org.

Thank you for submitting your work to PLOS ONE and supporting open access.

Kind regards,

PLOS ONE Editorial Office Staff

on behalf of

Professor Raymond Nienchen Kuo

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

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