PONE-D-21-09707

Title- Behavioral Problems in Anxious Youth: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations with Reinforcement Sensitivity and Parental Rejection.

PLOS ONE

Dear Dr. Kreuze,

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PLOS ONE

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Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: No

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2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: I Don't Know

Reviewer #2: Yes

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3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: Yes

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4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

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5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: The present study examined potential risk factors (e.g., punishment (PS) and reward sensitivity (RS) and parental rejection) for comorbid anxiety and behavioural problems in adolescents. PS/RS were not found to be associated with co-occurring behavioural problems in anxious youth either cross sectionally or prospectively. Behavioural problems predicted anxiety in young adulthood after controlling for adolescent anxiety. Contrary to expected this relationship was not mediated by parental rejection.

This paper has a number of strengths including it longitudinal design and the inclusion of multi method assessment (e.g., self report and behavioural).The study is likely to be of interest to readers of the journal and contributes to our understanding of co-occurring anxiety and behavioural problems which is important given that young people who present with this comorbidity often have a poorer prognosis and response to treatment. Weaknesses of the study include the use of an attentional punishment and reward sensitivity measure only and a lack of a use of diagnostic interviews to assess anxiety and behavioural problems. A few minor comments for discussion below –

I was surprised to see the authors introduce another TRAILS study (Kreuze, Jonker et al., 2020) similarly examining the relationships between punishment sensitivity and reward sensitivity anxiety/behavioural problems in the larger cohort in the discussion on the final page. It is suggested that the authors introduce this study in the introduction and clearly highlight how the present subsequent study is distinct from it and extends upon it to answer a new research question.

To assist with explaining the SOT is it at all possible to include some sort of diagram.

Minor comment

Table 1b reports means for T1, T4 and T5. Was data from Time 1 included in the study or is this a typo?

Reviewer #2: 

The present paper focused on a subsample of children and young people (CYP) with anxiety disorders, examined the prospective association between behavioral problems and anxiety at 6-year follow-up, and the proposed mediation by parental rejection. The study also tested the relationship between reward or punishment sensitivity and behavioral problems. The authors should be commended for the longitudinal design using a database, and considering parenting rejection as an important contextual aspect for adolescent development. However, there are several major concerns that diminish my enthusiasm for the current study.

P4, However, given their high reward expectancy, they are also more prone to detect non-reward (rewards with a lower than expected frequency or lower level of reward), which may lead to anger and oppositional behaviors out of frustrative non-reward.? Besides this logic, there is also another possibility that people with high reward sensitivity display more aggressive or disruptive behavior to get the reward when being hindered.

P5, for the third aim of the current study, I think that parental rejection as a typically harmful environment for adolescents is better to considered as a moderator rather than mediator for the relation between problem behavior in adolescents and later anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Rather, reward or punishment bias can be served as both moderator or mediator in this relation. I suggest authors run this model in the data analyses.

P22, authors should give more explanation for the significant correlation results.

In short, it is acceptable that the main hypotheses were not found in the current findings. However, authors should have a clear logic about the main variables and give more deep discussion about the current findings.

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Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No

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Title- Behavioral Problems in Anxious Youth: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations with Reinforcement Sensitivity and Parental Rejection.

PONE-D-21-09707R1

Dear Dr. Kreuze,

We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.

Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.

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Kind regards,

Sergio A. Useche, Ph.D.

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Additional Editor Comments (optional):

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. If the authors have adequately addressed your comments raised in a previous round of review and you feel that this manuscript is now acceptable for publication, you may indicate that here to bypass the “Comments to the Author” section, enter your conflict of interest statement in the “Confidential to Editor” section, and submit your "Accept" recommendation.

Reviewer #1: All comments have been addressed

Reviewer #2: All comments have been addressed

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2. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: I Don't Know

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

4. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

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5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

6. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: This is a revised manuscript of a longitudinal study examining risk factors (e.g., punishment (PS) and reward sensitivity (RS) and parental rejection) for comorbid anxiety and behavioural problems in adolescents. I have reviewed the authors manuscript revisions and they have adequately addressed my comments.

Reviewer #2: I feel satisfied about the authors' revision and have no other comments. Although the main hypotheses were not found in the current findings, the logic and explanation is acceptable.

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7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean?). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.

If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.

Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy.

Reviewer #1: No

Reviewer #2: No