Peer Review History

Original SubmissionApril 22, 2021
Decision Letter - Maryam Farooqui, Editor

PONE-D-21-13422COVID-19 vaccination beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours among health and social care workers in the UK: a mixed-methods studyPLOS ONE

Dear Dr. Bell,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

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We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Maryam Farooqui, Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

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[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

**********

5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: Overall the manuscript "COVID-19 vaccination beliefs, attitudes and behaviours among health and social care workers in the UK: a mixed methods study" is a well written and meticulously researched study that aims to assess vaccination uptake and attitude in HCW and SCW of different ethnic diversity and occupational groups. The methods used in the study involve both quantitative and a qualitative approach followed by adequately described statistical analysis methods.

If the authors have measured the reliability of the COVID-19 vaccination belief and vaccination information using methods such as the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, it would be useful to include the coefficient in the paper, as this tend to show the consistency of the tools used particularly when perceptions and attitudes of people's environment are assessed.

Overall, the paper should be accepted for publication.

Reviewer #2: Well planned, executed and presented study.

In methodology, each participants received a honorarium of 10 pounds for attending interviews. will it affect the outcome?

how did you validate the questions? any standardization methods used?

**********

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Reviewer #1: Yes: Nonhlanhla Tlotleng

Reviewer #2: No

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Revision 1

Academic Editor’s comments:

1. Please ensure that your manuscript meets PLOS ONE's style requirements, including those for file naming. The PLOS ONE style templates can be found at

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=wjVg/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf and

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=ba62/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf.

We have followed PLOS ONE’s style requirements, including those for file naming.

2. Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.

We have reviewed our reference list.

3. We note that the grant information you provided in the ‘Funding Information’ and ‘Financial Disclosure’ sections do not match.

When you resubmit, please ensure that you provide the correct grant numbers for the awards you received for your study in the ‘Funding Information’ section.

Please can we include the following ‘Funding Information’:

‘The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Immunisation at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) (reference number NIHR200929); and by the NHS Race and Health Observatory. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or Public Health England, or the NHS Race and Health Observatory.

SAI is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Training Fellowship [reference number 215654/Z/19/Z].’

4. We note that you have indicated that data from this study are available upon request. PLOS only allows data to be available upon request if there are legal or ethical restrictions on sharing data publicly. For more information on unacceptable data access restrictions, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability#loc-unacceptable-data-access-restrictions

• If there are ethical or legal restrictions on sharing a de-identified data set, please explain them in detail (e.g., data contain potentially sensitive information, data are owned by a third-party organization, etc.) and who has imposed them (e.g., an ethics committee). Please also provide contact information for a data access committee, ethics committee, or other institutional body to which data requests may be sent. If there are no restrictions, please upload the minimal anonymized data set necessary to replicate your study findings as either Supporting Information files or to a stable, public repository and provide us with the relevant URLs, DOIs, or accession numbers. For a list of acceptable repositories, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability#loc-recommended-repositories.

We will update your Data Availability statement on your behalf to reflect the information you provide.

Here is the amended data availability statement:

‘The full quantitative survey dataset is stored in a data repository: LSHTM Data compass. Data are available to bona fide researchers upon request and agreement by the study team. Data cannot be shared without restriction as study participants agreed that their study data could be accessed by other researchers only. This level of data access was approved by the LSTHM Observational Research Ethics committee (study reference: 22923). Although permission was granted by participants to share their interview and open-text survey data, there are concerns about potential harms that could come to participants given the content of this data. Therefore, we are sharing the anonymised quantitative survey data only.

Further information on the data and access conditions can be found through the LSHTM Data Compass at: https://doi.org/10.17037/DATA.00002525 . Researchers interested in accessing the data are advised to request access through the LSHTM Data Compass page listed above, email the corresponding author or email researchdatamanagement@lshtm.ac.uk.’

5. Your ethics statement should only appear in the Methods section of your manuscript. If your ethics statement is written in any section besides the Methods, please delete it from any other section.

The ethics statement only appears in the Methods section of our manuscript.

6. We note you have included a table to which you do not refer in the text of your manuscript. Please ensure that you refer to Tables 5 and 6 in your text; if accepted, production will need this reference to link the reader to the Table.

Tables 5 and 6 are now referred to on pages 21 and 23.

7. Please include captions for your Supporting Information files at the end of your manuscript, and update any in-text citations to match accordingly. Please see our Supporting Information guidelines for more information: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/supporting-information.

We have included the following captions for our Supporting Information files (page 50):

S1 Appendix: Survey questions

S2 Appendix: Recoding of variables

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

________________________________________

2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

________________________________________

3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

________________________________________

4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

Reviewer #2: Yes

________________________________________

Reviewers’ Comments to the Author

Reviewer #1: Overall the manuscript "COVID-19 vaccination beliefs, attitudes and behaviours among health and social care workers in the UK: a mixed methods study" is a well written and meticulously researched study that aims to assess vaccination uptake and attitude in HCW and SCW of different ethnic diversity and occupational groups. The methods used in the study involve both quantitative and a qualitative approach followed by adequately described statistical analysis methods.

If the authors have measured the reliability of the COVID-19 vaccination belief and vaccination information using methods such as the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, it would be useful to include the coefficient in the paper, as this tend to show the consistency of the tools used particularly when perceptions and attitudes of people's environment are assessed.

Overall, the paper should be accepted for publication.

Response to reviewer #1: An extended explanation, including the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, has now been added for each of the combined variables. This can be seen in manuscript section 2.1.2 and S2 Appendix which presents the full factor analysis used to aid the item combination.

Changes to manuscript (lines 143-149): In addition, we performed a factor analysis on the Vaccine belief and Trust in information source items to reduce the number of variables in the regression models. This reduced the 13 Vaccine belief items into two composite variables; Combined COVID-19 Vaccine belief (important, safe, and effective) (Cronbach’s Alpha = .918) and Social norms to vaccinate against COVID-19 (Cronbach’s Alpha = .661) and 4 single items. The 12 Trust in information source items were reduced to three composite variables Trust in health system sources (Cronbach’s Alpha = .876), Trust in non-health system sources (Cronbach’s Alpha = .738), and Trust in Friends and Family members (Cronbach’s Alpha = .876). Further details related to the combining of the ethnicity and job role categories and the factor analysis can be found in S2 Appendix. Appendix 2.

Reviewer #2: Well planned, executed and presented study.

In methodology, each participants received a honorarium of 10 pounds for attending interviews. will it affect the outcome?

how did you validate the questions? any standardization methods used?

Authors’ response to reviewer #2:

Thank you to reviewer #2 for taking the time to read and review our manuscript. We really appreciate your feedback. In response to your questions:

• Interview participants only – not survey respondents - received a £10 gift voucher as a thank you for their time and contribution to the research. We considered the value of the gift voucher appropriate to acknowledge the time and contribution of interview participants, and that the value did not present undue influence. The £10 gift voucher for interview participants was approved by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSTHM) Observational Research Ethics committee (study reference: 22923).

• Several of the questions included in the survey were pre-existing survey questions that had already undergone testing (e.g. questions included in the demographics section). New questions were developed and discussed with the study collaborators from Public Health England, the Royal College of Nursing, and the NHS Race and Health Observatory. The survey was also pre-tested with a number of health and social care workers to explore the appropriateness and comprehensibility of the survey questions. Additional detail in response to this question has now been added to section 2.1.1.

• No standardization methods were used for the data cleaning/analysis.

Changes to manuscript (lines 124-132):

• 'We developed the survey in consultation with Public Health England, Royal College of Nursing and NHS Race and Health Observatory representatives. Several included questions were pre-existing survey questions that had already undergone testing (e.g. questions included in the demographics section). For new items and questions, face validity was gained through discussion with the various research stakeholders, and feedback on survey design (including the appropriateness and comprehensibility of questions) was obtained from a number of H&SCWs. Factor analysis (see S2 Appendix) identified and confirmed underlying components of the Vaccine belief and Trust in information source items. Public Health England, Royal College of Nursing and NHS Race and Health Observatory representatives were also involved in sharing the survey. Feedback on survey design was also obtained from a number of H&S

Attachments
Attachment
Submitted filename: Response to Reviewers.docx
Decision Letter - Maryam Farooqui, Editor

COVID-19 vaccination beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours among health and social care workers in the UK: a mixed-methods study

PONE-D-21-13422R1

Dear Dr. Bell,

We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.

Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.

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Kind regards,

Maryam Farooqui, Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Additional Editor Comments (optional):

Reviewers' comments:

Formally Accepted
Acceptance Letter - Maryam Farooqui, Editor

PONE-D-21-13422R1

COVID-19 vaccination beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours among health and social care workers in the UK: a mixed-methods study

Dear Dr. Bell:

I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Congratulations! Your manuscript is now with our production department.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team within the next 48 hours. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information please contact onepress@plos.org.

If we can help with anything else, please email us at plosone@plos.org.

Thank you for submitting your work to PLOS ONE and supporting open access.

Kind regards,

PLOS ONE Editorial Office Staff

on behalf of

Dr. Maryam Farooqui

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

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