Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram of the study selection process.
The diagram summarises the number of studies identified, screened, excluded, and included in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Fig 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
Panel A shows the publication year of the included studies. Panels B and C illustrate the study locations and settings. Panel D depicts the number of studies per region. Panels E and F show the sex and age distributions of study participants, and Panel G summarises the population categories recruited across studies (Numbers represent absolute counts).
Fig 3.
Anthropometric characteristics of study participants.
The figure presents anthropometric variables retrieved from the included records: (A) BMI; (B) waist circumference; (C) hip circumference; (E) waist-to-hip ratio; (F) systolic blood pressure; and (G) diastolic blood pressure.
Table 1.
Distribution of Lipid Profile Abnormalities Across Participant Groups.
Fig 4.
Lipid profiles of the participants.
Panels A–E illustrate the distribution of lipid parameters across participant groups. Total cholesterol (A), LDL-cholesterol (B), HDL-cholesterol (C), triglycerides (D), and VLDL-cholesterol (E) were compared between controls and clinical groups, including diabetes/hypertension and HIV.
Table 2.
Regional distribution of dyslipidaemia and major lipid fractions reported in the included studies.