Table 1.
Nutrient composition (% of DM) of milk replacer (MR), calf starter, and calf concentrate.
Fig 1.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in milk intake (kg of DM/d; A) and starter intake (kg of DM/d; B). Data are presented as least squares means ± SEM.
Fig 2.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in body weight (kg; A) and average daily gain (kg/d; B). Data are presented as least squares means ± SEM. Significance levels of the main effects of the models are reported. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 3.
Plasma metabolite concentrations.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in plasma metabolite concentrations. Data are presented as least squares means ± SEM. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 4.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in TLR signaling and innate immune sensing.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in Toll-like receptor signaling and innate immune sensing in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 5.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokines.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine production in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 6.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in neutrophil activation and antimicrobial responses.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in neutrophil activation and antimicrobial responses in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 7.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in leukocyte adhesion and cell trafficking.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in leukocyte adhesion and cell trafficking in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 8.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in cellular stress responses.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in cellular stress responses in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).
Fig 9.
mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid mediator metabolism.
Changes from 60 to 70 days of age in dairy calves with high average daily gain (HIGH; n = 20; blue circles) or low average daily gain (LOW; n = 20; red squares) in arbitrary mRNA abundance (least squares means ± SEM) of genes involved in lipid mediator metabolism in circulating blood leukocytes. * indicates a significant difference between groups on the same day (P ≤ 0.05), and + indicates a tendency (0.05 < P < 0.10).