Fig 1.
A. Heatmap and volcano plot of DEGs between the RPGN samples and the LD samples. B. Heatmap and volcano plot of DEGs between the AAV samples and the LD samples. C. Heatmap and volcano plot of DEGs between the LN samples and the LD samples. RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; AAV, ANCA-associated vasculitis LN, lupus nephritis; LD, living donors. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.
Fig 2.
GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs.
A. Venn diagram showed the intersection of DEGs in the glomerular compartment of RPGN, LN and AAV. B. The bubble plot showing the most enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways of upregualted DEGs. C. The bubble plot showing the most enriched GO terms of downregualted DEGs. D. The network plot showing the most enriched GO terms of downregualted DEGs. RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; AAV, ANCA-associated vasculitis LN, lupus nephritis; LD, liver donors; BP, biological process; CC, cell component. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.
Fig 3.
Construction of protein-protein interaction network and TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network.
A. The interaction network between proteins coded by DEGs. B. The upset plot of 12 cytohubba algorithms. C. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network included 240 miRNAs and 12 mRNAs. D. The TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network included 49 TFs, 17 miRNAs and 12 mRNAs. E. Three cluster modules extracted by MCODE.
Fig 4.
Pattern of Immune Cell Infiltration in Glomerular Compartments of RPGN, LN, and AAV.
A-C. The levels of 22 types of immune cells in live donors and RPGN (A), LN (B), AAV (C) patients. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Fig 5.
The correlation between expression of 12 hub genes and the level of infiltrating immune cells.
A-C. The correlation between expression of 12 hub genes and levels of 22 types of immune cells in RPGN (A), LN (B), AAV (C) patients. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Fig 6.
Relationship between hub genes and clinical characteristics in LN and RPGN.
A. The correlation between expression of 12 hub genes and clinical characteristics in LN and RPGN. B. ROC curve of EGF in LN, AAV and RPGN (vasculitis). C. Expression of EGF within the glomerular compartments of various renal diseases and living donors in GSE104948 cohort. D. Representative immunohistochemistry images of EGF in LN patients and LDs. In the patient 1 with LN, no crescents were observed in the glomeruli. In the patient 2 with LN, crescents were present in the glomeruli. The black arrows indicate the glomerulus. LD, living donors; LN, lupus nephritis; RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; DN, diabetic nephropathy; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; IgAN, IgA nephropathy; FSGS, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis; TMD, thin membrane disease; MCD, minimal change disease; MGN, membranous glomerulonephropathy; TBMD, thin basement membrane nephropathy; TN, tumor nephrectomy. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.