Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients and healthy controls.
Table 2.
Serum immune checkpoint levels in BC patients and healthy controls.
Fig 1.
Serum immune checkpoint levels in BC patients versus healthy controls.
Bar graphs display the mean concentrations (± standard error) of CD80, CTLA-4, IDO, CD86, GITRL, HVEM, ICOS, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and TLR-2 IC proteins. Statistically significant differences between groups are indicated as * p < .05, **p < .005, ***p < .0001.
Fig 2.
Differential expression of IC proteins in TNBC versus non-TNBC patients.
Mean serum concentrations (± standard error) of CD28, HVEM, CD40, LAG-3, PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and TLR-2 IC proteins in TNBC (TN(+), pink bars) and non-TNBC (TN(–), blue bars) patients. Significant differences in expression levels between groups are indicated by red asterisks (*).
Fig 3.
Spearman rank correlation heatmap of serum IC proteins in breast cancer patients.
Heatmap illustrates pairwise Spearman correlation coefficients among BTLA, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, CD86, CTLA-4, GITR, GITRL, HVEM, ICOS, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, and TLR-2 IC proteins. Color intensity reflects correlation strength and direction, with blue indicating positive correlations and red indicating negative correlations.
Table 3.
Serum immune checkpoint profiles associated with TNBC and clinical outcomes.