Table 1.
Severity of pinion tooth-break failure.
Fig 1.
Workflow of the proposed DPCA–MSPC scheme, distinguishing Phase I (calibration and freezing) and Phase II (monitoring).
Fig 2.
Test bench layout.
Fig 3.
Vibration signal.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the original vibration signal in the time domain.
Table 3.
Phase I: frozen control limits and model settings.
Table 4.
Detection performance by severity failure. Phase II.
Fig 4.
Detection delay by failure severity (Phase II).
Solid line: SPE; dashed: T2. The SPE chart detects earlier when the correlation structure learnt under NOC is broken.
Table 5.
Statistical results by failure severity.
Table 6.
Comparisons between PCA and DPCA.
Fig 5.
Comparison DPCA vs PCA.