Fig 1.
Geometric Model of UR and DR.
Table 1.
Relevant parameters of NREL 5MW wind turbine.
Table 2.
Geometric Parameters of UR and DR.
Fig 2.
Geometric model of DRWT and ss-SRWT.
Fig 3.
Geometric parameters and aerodynamic force of the blade elements.
Fig 4.
The computational flow domain and boundary conditions for the DRWT and ss-SRWT models.
The setup includes a velocity inlet (stochastic wind profile, 1D upstream) and a pressure outlet (zero-gauge pressure, 6D/5.5D downstream). Symmetry conditions are applied to the lateral and top/bottom boundaries.
Fig 5.
The mesh of the flow domain and the prism layers on the surface of the blades.
Table 3.
Mesh Independence Study for the DRWT Model.
Fig 6.
The UDF code for defining the motion.
Fig 7.
The UDF code for defining stochastic wind velocity.
Fig 8.
Contours of the wind velocity distribution at four axial positions (0.2D, 0.4D, 0.6D, 0.8D) in the near wake region.
Simulation parameters: Rated mean wind speed U = 11.4 m/s, approximate Reynolds number , and transient time step
.
Fig 9.
Normalized wind speed distributions of DRWT and ss-SRWT.
Fig 10.
The contour of aerodynamic pressure.
Fig 11.
The curves of aerodynamic pressure of single blade.
Fig 12.
Power and torque lines of the ss-SRWT and the NREL 5MW wind turbine.
Fig 13.
The vector contour of normal force. (Simulation parameters: U = 11.4 m/s, , time step
).
Fig 14.
Vector contour of the tangential wall shear forces acting on the blade surfaces during operation.
(Simulation parameters: U = 11.4 m/s, , time step
).
Fig 15.
Variation curve of normal aerodynamic forces along the radial position of the blades from root to tip.
Data extracted under steady operating conditions with a time step and rated wind velocity.
Fig 16.
The contour of equivalent stress.
Table 4.
The equivalent stress of the blades.
Fig 17.
The time-varying curves of equivalent stress of blades.
Table 5.
The total deformation of blades.
Fig 18.
The contour of total deformation.
Fig 19.
The time-varying curve of total deformation.
Fig 20.
The equivalent stress after a 10% increase or decrease in the average inlet stochastic wind speed.