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Fig 1.

Technology roadmap.

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Table 1.

Chemical composition of cement, glass sand and rice husk ash (Unit: %).

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

Mix ratio (Unit: kg/m3).

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 2.

EDS experimental instrument.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Chloride ion erosion tester.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Carbonization box.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Sulfate dry and wet cycle test machine.

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Fig 5 Expand

Table 3.

Slump test results.

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Table 3 Expand

Fig 6.

Slump fitting results.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Calculation results of water absorption.

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Fig 7 Expand

Table 4.

Pearson correlation coefficient.

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Table 4 Expand

Fig 8.

Compressive strength.

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Splitting tensile strength.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

Flexural strength.

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Fig 10 Expand

Table 5.

Calculation results of grey correlation degree.

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Table 5 Expand

Table 6.

Silica-calcium ratio of C-S-H gel in WGRC.

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Table 6 Expand

Fig 11.

Normal stress and shear stress of samples with different silicon-calcium ratios: (a) 0.34, (b) 0.4, (c) 0.46, (d) 0.52, (e) 0.58, (f) 0.64, (g) 0.7, (h) 0.76.

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Fig 11 Expand

Table 7.

Cohesion and internal friction angle.

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Table 7 Expand

Fig 12.

Shear stress-shear strain curves of samples with different silicon-calcium ratios: (a) 0.34, (b) 0.4, (c) 0.46, (d) 0.52, (e) 0.58, (f) 0.64, (g) 0.7, (h) 0.76.

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Fig 12 Expand

Table 8.

Parameter fitting results.

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Table 8 Expand

Fig 13.

Comparison of experimental curves and theoretical curves of samples with different silicon-calcium ratios: (a) 0.34, (b) 0.4, (c) 0.46, (d) 0.52, (e) 0.58, (f) 0.64, (g) 0.7, (h) 0.76.

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Fig 13 Expand

Fig 14.

SEM morphologies of samples with different silicon-calcium ratios: (a) 0.34, (b) 0.4, (c) 0.46, (d) 0.52, (e) 0.58, (f) 0.64, (g) 0.7, (h) 0.76.

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Fig 14 Expand

Table 9.

Electric flux.

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Table 9 Expand

Table 10.

Carbonization depth of WGRC at different carbonization times (Unit: mm).

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Table 10 Expand

Table 11.

Carbonization coefficients of WGRC at different carbonization times (Unit: mm/√d).

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Table 11 Expand

Table 12.

Experimental results of pH value.

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Table 12 Expand

Table 13.

Calculation results of mass loss rate.

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Table 13 Expand

Table 14.

Ultrasonic wave velocity test results (Unit: km/s).

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Table 14 Expand