Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of ship locks in operation.
Fig 2.
A sketch of flow regions of a 3D wall jet in a semi-infinite and confined space, (a) a semi-infinite space (after Sforza and Herbst [9]) and (b) a confined space (after Zhang et al. [21]).
Table 1.
Typical ship locks with side orifices longitudinal culvert filling and emptying systems (after Zhang et al. [8]).
Fig 3.
A sketch of the confined wall jet facility (NB: All dimensions in mm).
Fig 4.
The setting processes of the flow rate and water level for each test case.
Fig 5.
Schematic diagram of a 3D confined wall jet.
Fig 6.
The laser and CCD camera, (a) a laser and (b) a CCD camera.
Fig 7.
Arrangements of the laser and camera, (a) the lateral plane setup and (b) the symmetry plane setup.
Table 2.
Test conditions and test cases.
Fig 8.
Profiles of turbulence statistics from cases S1 and L1 at both in the symmetry and lateral planes within region Ⅱ, (a) the streamwise (u) intensities in the symmetry plane, (b) the streamwise (u) intensities in the lateral plane, (c) the wall-normal (v) intensities in the symmetry plane, (d) the spanwise (w) intensities in the lateral plane, (e) Reynolds shear stresses (uv) in the symmetry plane and (f) Reynolds shear stresses (-uw) in the lateral plane.
Fig 9.
Profiles of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses from cases S1, S2, S3, L1, L2, and L3 at 21dand 22d for different Reynolds numbers in the region 19 ≤ x/d < 24, (a) u profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the symmetry plane, (b) u profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the lateral plane, (c) v profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the symmetry plane, (d) w profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the lateral plane, (e) uv profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the symmetry plane and (f) -uw profiles for different Reynolds numbers in the lateral plane.
Fig 10.
Profiles of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses from cases S3, S6, S9, S12, L3, L6, L9, and L12 at 21d and 22d for different submerged depths in the region 19 ≤ x/d < 24, (a) u profiles for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane, (b) u profiles for different submerged depths in the lateral plane, (c) v profiles for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane, (d) w profiles for different submerged depths in the lateral plane, (e) uv profiles for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane and (f) -uw profiles for different submerged depths in the lateral plane.
Fig 11.
Profiles of turbulence statistics from case S3 and case L3 at 22d in comparison with previous studies in the RD region, (a) u profiles of case S3 and previous u data in the symmetry plane, (b) u profile of case L3 and previous u data in the lateral plane, (c) v profile of case S3 and previous v data in the symmetry plane, (d) w profile of case L3 and previous w data in the lateral plane, (e) uv profile of case S3 and previous uv data in the symmetry plane and (f) -uw profile of case L3 and previous -uw data in the lateral plane.
Fig 12.
Profiles of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses from cases S1, S2, S3, L1, L2, and L3 at selected locations for different Reynolds numbers in the region 24 ≤ x/d < 27, (a) u profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the symmetry plane, (b) u profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the lateral plane, (c) v profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the symmetry plane, (d) w profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the lateral plane, (e) uv profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the symmetry plane and (f) -uw profiles at 24d, 25d for different Reynolds numbers and the data of 22d, 26d for case S3 in the lateral plane.
Fig 13.
Profiles of turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses from cases S3, S6, S9, S12, L3, L6, L9, and L12 at 25d for different submerged depths in the region 24 ≤ x/d < 27, (a) u profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane, (b) u profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the lateral plane, (c) v profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane, (d) w profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the lateral plane, (e) uv profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the symmetry plane and (f) -uw profiles at 25d for different submerged depths in the lateral plane.