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Fig 1.

Flowchart.

LR: Logistic regression; RF: Random forest; XGBoost: eXtreme Gradient Boosting; KNN: k-nearest neighbors; SVM: Support vector machine; MLP: Multilayer perceptron.

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Fig 1 Expand

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Pearson correlation coefficient.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Feature screening.

(A) Regression coefficient variation curve based on LASSO. (B) The optimal λ process was obtained through iterative analysis using the 10-fold cross-validation method based on LASSO. (C) Feature variable screening based on RF-RFE. (D) LASSO combination RF-RFE. LASSO: Least Absolute Contraction and Selection Operator; RF: Random Forest; RFE: Recursive Feature Elimination.

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Fig 3 Expand

Table 2.

Performance parameters of the six prediction models.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 4.

The mean ROC curves of the six models.

AUC: area under the curve; LR: Logistic regression; RF: Random forest; XGBoost: eXtreme Gradient Boosting; KNN: k-nearest neighbors; SVM: Support vector machine; MLP: Multilayer perceptron.

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Fig 4 Expand