Table 1.
Guide for Non-Participant Observations.
Fig 1.
Observational vignette 1-ICU admission in the context of suspected MDRO infection.
Illustrative storyboard synthesising the key organisational challenges (Points 1–11) observed by the researcher during non-participant observation sessions in the Intensive Care Unit. The vignette was used as a contextual reference tool to facilitate semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals, enabling participants to articulate their experiences around IPC adherence, workload management, and interprofessional communication without requiring disclosure of personal information. The visual format was produced using an AI-assisted illustration tool (SciSpace; https://scispace.com) on the basis of a structured textual description provided by the research team. No individual patient data are represented or reported. ICU: Intensive Care Unit; MDRO: Multi-Drug-Resistant Organism; IPC: Infection Prevention and Control; PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
Fig 2.
Observational vignette 2- Intra-hospital transfer of an MDRO patient to Radiology.
Illustrative storyboard synthesising the key organisational challenges (Points 1–11) observed by the researcher during non-participant observation sessions in the Intensive Care Unit. The vignette was used as a contextual reference tool to facilitate semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals, enabling participants to articulate their experiences around IPC adherence, workload management, and interprofessional communication without requiring disclosure of personal information. The visual format was produced using an AI-assisted illustration tool (SciSpace; https://scispace.com) on the basis of a structured textual description provided by the research team. No individual patient data are represented or reported... ICU: Intensive Care Unit; MDRO: Multi-Drug-Resistant Organism; IPC: Infection Prevention and Control; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics.
Table 3.
Themes, categories, and codes emerging from inductive content analysis of semi-structured interviews with intensive care unit staff.
Fig 3.
Thematic overview of resilience processes and adaptive strategies in ICU nursing for MDRO management.
The figure illustrates three interconnected themes, individual and team resilience of nurses, nurse adaptive strategies in ICU, and the interaction between nurse resilience and organisational support, converging around the central construct of resilience in managing infectious risk and IPC practices. Each theme is detailed by its constituent categories, highlighting the multilevel and dynamic nature of resilience in high-complexity clinical settings. ICU: Intensive Care Unit; MDRO: MultiDrug-Resistant Organism; IPC: Infection Prevention and Control.
Table 4.
The most representative quotes by category and theme discussed in the results.