Fig 1.
Effects of morphine, AT121, acetylcholine, and naloxone on action potential latency in newborn mouse cerebral cortex pyramidal cells.
Substances were added at 10 µg/ml and latency measured after 5 minutes. Results show mean ± standard deviation (SD) from (n = 7 × 8 cells), with statistically significant differences indicated (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 2.
Effect of morphine and AT121 (10 µg/ml) on action potential latency in pyramidal cells from newborn mouse cerebral cortex.
Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of (n = 7 × 8 cells), recorded 2 hours post-treatment. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 3.
Modulation of action potential phases in newborn mice cerebral cortex pyramidal cells by morphine, AT121, acetylcholine, and naloxone.
Mean total time ± SD is shown for each compound (10 µg/ml) added to the culture medium for 5 minutes. Statistical significance: (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001), (n = 7 × 8 cells).
Fig 4.
Morphine and AT121 effects on action potential duration in pyramidal cells.
2 hours after treatment. mean ± SD total action potential time is shown for isolated from newborn mice cerebral cortex. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001) (n = 7 × 8 cells).
Fig 5.
Effects of morphine, AT121, acetylcholine, and naloxone on stimulation threshold in pyramidal cells from newborn mice.
The chart illustrates the mean ± standard deviation of the stimulation threshold in pyramidal cells isolated from the cerebral cortex of newborn mice, after 5-minutes of exposure to each of the specified compounds (10 μg/ml) in the culture medium (n = 7 × 8 cells) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 6.
Impact of morphine and AT121 on pyramidal cell stimulation threshold.
This figure illustrates the effect of morphine and AT121 (10 µg/ml) on pyramidal cells extracted from the cerebral cortex of newborn mice, 2 hours after addition (n = 7 × 8 cells). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 7.
Modulation of action potential amplitude in pyramidal cells by morphine, AT121, acetylcholine, and naloxone.
Mean ± SD amplitude is shown for 8 pyramidal cells isolated from newborn mouse cerebral cortex, after 5-minutes of exposure to each compound (10 μg/ml) in culture medium (n = 7 × 8 cells). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 8.
Modulation of cells membrane current in pyramidal cells by morphine, AT121, acetylcholine, and naloxone.
Mean ± SD amplitude is shown for 8 pyramidal cells isolated from newborn mouse cerebral cortex, after 5-minutes of exposure to each compound (10 μg/ml) in culture medium (n = 7 × 8 cells). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 9.
Modulation of action potential amplitude and membrane current in pyramidal cells from newborn mice cerebral cortex by morphine, AT121, and acetylcholine (10μg/ml).
Measurements were taken 5 minutes after addition culture medium exposure (n = 7 × 8 cells). Signals were recorded in voltage-clamp mode at -60mV holding, with current measurements expressed in 0pA; While holding potential at 0mV in VC mode gives a + 10pA.
Fig 10.
Modulation of action potential amplitude and membrane current in pyramidal cells from newborn mice cerebral cortex by morphine, AT121, and naloxone (10μg/ml).
Measurements were taken 5 minutes after addition (n = 7 × 8 cells). Signals were recorded in voltage-clamp mode at -60mV holding, with current measurements expressed in 0pA; While holding potential at 0mV in VC mode gives a + 10pA.
Fig 11.
Modulation of action potential amplitude and membrane current in pyramidal cells from newborn mice cerebral cortex by morphine, AT121, and AT121 & morphine (10μg/ml).
Measurements were taken 5 minutes after addition and 2 hours after culture medium exposure (n = 7 × 8 cells). Signals were recorded in voltage-clamp mode at -60mV holding, with current measurements expressed in 0pA; While holding potential at 0mV in VC mode gives a + 10pA.
Fig 12.
Morphine and AT121 modulation of action potential amplitude in pyramidal cell.
Pyramidal cells extracted from newborn mice cerebral cortex. Examined after 2 hours of morphine and AT121 (10 µg/ml) exposure. (n = 7 × 8 cells). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Fig 13.
Morphine and AT121 modulation of cell membrane current in pyramidal cell.
Pyramidal cells extracted from newborn mice cerebral cortex. Examined after 2 hours of morphine and AT121 (10 µg/ml) exposure. (n = 7 × 8 cells). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Table 1.
Dopamine concentration in hippocampal cell culture medium: effect of morphine and AT121 (10 µg/mL) at 30 minutes.
Fig 14.
Effects of morphine and AT121 on dopamine concentration in hippocampal cell culture.
Mean ± SD dopamine concentrations are illustrated after 30 minutes of treatment in culture dishes, measured using sandwich ELISA analysis at 450 nm. Statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001) (Tukey’s multiple comparisons Test) (n = 4 × 3 culture dishes).