Fig 1.
Schematic presentation of convergent parallel mixed study design.
Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of food handlers in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 2.
Institutional and health related factors of food handlers in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 3.
Sanitary facility related factors of food handlers in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia 2025 (n = 405).
Table 4.
Knowledge of food handlers towards food safety practice in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Fig 2.
Schematic illustration showing the level of knowledge of food handlers regarding food safety practices in food and drinking establishments in Debre Birhan City, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 5.
Attitude of food handlers towards food safety practice in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405) Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 6.
Practice of food handlers towards food safety in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Fig 3.
Schematic illustration showing the level of food safety practices among food handlers working in food and drinking establishments in Debre Birhan City, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 7.
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with food safety practice among food handlers in food establishments in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).
Table 8.
Themes and sub-themes and categories for exploring barriers for food safety practice among food handlers in Debre Birhan city, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2025 (n = 405).