Fig 1.
Regge trajectory for the baryon family, illustrating the characteristic linear relation between total spin J and squared mass M2, despite substantial scatter [5].
Experimental data points with uncertainties are shown alongside a fitted linear trend and confidence band. This figure, produced as part of the present work, provides a concrete example of Regge theory in action and serves as a reference framework supporting the analyses developed in this study.
Fig 2.
Decay hypergraph of the Ds1(2460) meson, generated to illustrate branching pathways into photons, pions, kaons, and lighter mesons.
This visualization, produced in support of this study, demonstrates how hypergraph methods can represent particle decays beyond linear chains, emphasizing the combinatorial and network-like structure of resonance cascades.
Fig 3.
Fan-out vs. fan-in relationship in the unified data model, with fan-out as the number of decay products and fan-in as product entropy.
Error bars on the Y-axis represent bootstrap-estimated uncertainties in entropy calculations (±0.15–0.25 typical range). The weak negative correlation (r = −0.292 ± 0.18, p = 0.21, n = 20) does not achieve statistical significance, with substantial scatter (R2 = 0.085) indicating heterogeneous decay dynamics. This variability motivates the multi-feature hypergraph approach developed in this study.
Table 1.
Method comparison.
Fig 4.
The hypergraph method achieves faster time-to-insight and fewer clicks, while also outperforming in visualization quality and insight depth; note that raw values differ in scale (seconds, counts, and normalized scores), so comparisons should be interpreted within each metric rather than across metrics.
Table 2.
Mass predictions.