Table 1.
Variable Description and Source.
Table 2.
Unit root test.
Fig 1.
Kernel density of Environmental degradation, Source: Computed by the Authors’ 2026.
Fig 2.
Kernel density of Climate change, Source: Computed by the Authors’ 2026 The study presents the summary statistics in the next paragraph.
Table 3.
Descriptive Statistics.
Table 4.
Matrix of correlations and Variance inflation factor.
Table 5.
Cointegration analysis.
Table 6.
Cross-sectional dependence.
Table 7.
Pesaran and Yamagata (2008) Slope Homogeneity Test.
Table 8.
Impact of Climate Change on Environmental Degradation: POLS and Fixed Effect Estimator.
Table 9.
Impact of Climate Change on Trade: Fixed effect estimator.
Table 10.
Environmental degradation and Climate change with Governance Quality.
Table 11.
Trade Openness and Climate Change with Governance Quality.
Table 12.
Environmental degradation and climate change: DKSE and PCSE.
Table 13.
Trade openness and climate change: DKSE and PCSE.