Fig 1.
The study selection process and information sources are detailed in the PRISMA flowchart.
Table 1.
General characteristics of the included studies.
Table 2.
Evaluation of the methodological quality of case-control studies.
Table 3.
Evaluation of risk of bias of cohort studies.
Table 4.
Evaluation of the critical approach case series studies.
Fig 2.
Subgroup analysis in combined oral contraceptives by exposure definition (outcome: ischemic cerebrovascular event).
Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 5.66, df = 1 (P = 0.02), I2 = 82.3%.
Fig 3.
Current use of combined oral contraceptives compared with no current use (past use or never used) in hypertensive women.
Outcome: hemorrhagic cerebrovascular event. Heterogeneity: Tau2 = 0.00; Chi2 = 0.00, df = 1 (P = 0.98); I2 = 0%.
Fig 4.
Subgroup analysis in combined or progestin-only oral contraceptives by exposure definition (outcome: ischemic cerebrovascular event).
Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 4.92, df = 1 (P = 0.03), I2 = 79.7%.
Fig 5.
Current use of combined oral contraceptives or progestin-only pills compared with no current use (past use or never used) of combined oral contraceptives or progestin-only pills in hypertensive women.
Outcome: acute myocardial infarction. Heterogeneity: Tau2 = 0.00; Chi2 = 0.35, df = 1 (P = 0.55); I2 = 0%.