Fig 1.
Conceptual framework of the study.
Table 1.
List of Items used to build Material Deprivation Index.
Fig 2.
The marginal effect of material deprivation on SRH.
Note: the figure shows the estimated 95% confidence intervals of the marginal effects of the material deprivation dummy variable on SRH at individual level in each region, adjusted for gender, age, partnership status (married/cohabiting, separated/divorced, widow/er, or single), educational attainment (upper-secondary and tertiary levels, or little education), living arrangements (living alone, with family members, with distant relatives or sharing with housemates or caregivers), labour status (currently employed, retired, or unemployed), and different income sources. The reference population consists of individuals aged 65 and older. Points represent region-level coefficients from first-stage regressions, while horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. The vertical line denotes the null effect. Estimates are obtained from region-specific linear probability models controlling for individual-level characteristics.
Table 2.
Regressions FGLS – Moderating effects of regional-level variables on the relationship between material deprivation and SRH.
Fig 3.
Estimated impact of material deprivation on SRH across regions for different indicators.
Note: Figures display the regions’ point estimates, regressing the marginal effect of each variable on the estimated impact of material deprivation on SRH. The reference population consists of individuals aged 65 and over. Material deprivation profile derived using the LCA approach and subsequently converted into a binary indicator of high material deprivation, coded as 1 for maximum perceived discomfort and 0 otherwise.
Fig 4.
Estimated impact of material deprivation on SRH across regions for different regional-level indicators.
Note: Figures display the regions’ point estimates, regressing the marginal effect of each regional-level variable on the estimated impact of material deprivation profile on SRH. The reference population are individuals aged 65 and older. Material deprivation profile derived using the LCA approach, expressed as a continuous posterior probability of belonging to the highly deprived profile.