Table 1.
Existing literature on bus-/rail-assisted drone delivery.
Fig 1.
Bus-Assisted Heterogeneous-Drone system representation.
Table 2.
Notations.
Table 3.
IBKA algorithm steps.
Table 4.
Drone Performance Parameters.
Table 5.
Results from hypothetical instances.
Fig 2.
Convergence process of GA, EGO, BKA, and IBKA.
Table 6.
Wilcoxon signed-rank test results.
Table 7.
Ablation study results of algorithm variants.
Fig 3.
Convergence curves of algorithm variants in the ablation study.
Table 8.
Sensitivity analysis on the population size.
Table 9.
Sensitivity analysis on the maximum iteration number.
Table 10.
Sensitivity analysis on the adaptive attack probability range.
Table 11.
Sensitivity analysis on DE parameter settings.
Table 12.
Results of bus departure-interval sensitivity analysis.
Fig 4.
Results of Drone Payload and Range Sensitivity Analysis.
Fig 5.
Basemap data: OpenStreetMap contributors, made available under the Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright).
Table 13.
Comparison of Total Cost for Different Delivery Modes.
Fig 6.
Basemap data: OpenStreetMap contributors, made available under the Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright).