Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population and bivariate analysis according to survival status at hospital discharge (n = 1,724).
Fig 1.
Covariate balance before and after weighting.
Standardized mean differences (SMDs) for all baseline covariates are shown before and after application of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using covariate balancing propensity scores. After weighting, all covariates achieved absolute SMD < 0.1, indicating satisfactory balance between groups.
Fig 2.
Temporal evolution of mechanical ventilation parameters according to survival status.
Boxplots illustrate the longitudinal trajectories of tidal volume (upper left), plateau pressure (upper right), driving pressure (lower left), and duration of prone positioning (lower right) during invasive mechanical ventilation, stratified by survival status (alive vs. deceased). Each box represents the median and interquartile range at sequential time points, with outliers shown as individual dots.
Table 2.
Generalized least squares (GLS) longitudinal models of ventilatory parameters and mortality interaction (n = 838).