Table 1.
Primers used for ESBL and AmpC-BL gene detection.
Table 2.
Primers used for Carbapenemase and MBL gene detection.
Table 3.
Gram-negative bacteria versus PCR-confirmed drug resistance mechanisms.
Table 4.
Summary of DRM for all drug-resistant enzyme-producing gram-negative bacteria.
Table 5.
Crosstabulation of Phenotyping versus Genotyping drug-resistant mechanism.
Table 6.
Gram-negative bacteria versus PCR-confirmed ESBL drug resistance genes.
Fig 1.
Multiplex PCR ESBL 1 and ESBL 2 Gel doc reading.
a). ESBL multiplex PCR 1, Major ESBL for the detection of blaSHV, blaCTXM, and blaTEM genes from 3 patient samples with TNC-negative and TPC-positive control. b). ESBL multiplex PCR 2, Minor ESBL for the detection of blaPER, blaGES, blaBEL, and blaVEB genes from 4 patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control.
Table 7.
Gram-negative bacteria versus PCR-confirmed AmpC drug resistance genes.
Fig 2.
Multiplex PCR ESBL and AmpC 3 Gel doc reading.
ESBL Multiplex PCR 3, AmpC-BL gene detection of blaMOXM, blaCITM, blaDHAM, blaACCM, blaEBCM, and blaFOXM genes of 6 patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control.
Fig 3.
Multiplex PCR CARBA 1 and Multiplex PCR CARBA 2 Gel doc reading.
a). CARBA Multiplex PCR 1, Carbapenemase gene detection of blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48, genes of 3 patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control. b). CARBA Multiplex PCR 2, Oxacillinase gene detection of blaOXA-58, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA24/143, genes of 3 patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control.
Fig 4.
Multiplex PCR CARBA 3 Gel doc reading.
a).CARBA Multiplex PCR 3, Minor MBL gene detection of blaDIM, blaSIM, blaGIM, and blaAIM genes of 4 patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control. b). CARBA Multiplex PCR 1, MBL gene detection of blaIMP genes of patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control. c). CARBA Multiplex PCR 1, MBL gene detection of blaVIM genes of patient samples with NC-negative and PC-positive control.
Table 8.
Gram-negative bacteria versus PCR-confirmed Carbapenem drug resistance genes.