Fig 1.
Comparison of VEEV-ΔC-CHIKV growth characteristics under different culture conditions.
(A) Growth status of Vero cells in T225 flask. (B) Growth status of Vero cells in cell factory (1264 cm2). (C) Growth status of Vero cells in 2 L bioreactor. (D) Cell expansion fold and cell viability of Vero cells in T225 flask, cell factory (1264 cm2), and 2 L bioreactor. (E) Growth curves of VEEV-ΔC-CHIKV virus in T225 flask, cell factory (1264 cm2), and 2 L bioreactor.
Fig 2.
Comparison of VEEV-ΔC-CHIKV cultivation processes using microcarriers and Fibra-Cel carriers bioreactors.
(A) Glucose consumption. (B) Glutamine consumption. (C) Lactate concentration in the bioreactor. (D) Glucose concentration in the bioreactor. (E) Glutamine concentration in the bioreacor. (F) Glutamate concentration in the bioreactor. (G) Oxygen consumption. (H) Virus titer under both carriers. (I) Total virus concentration obtained under both carriers. Glucose, Glc; Glutamine, Gln; Glutamate, Glu; Lactate, Lac.
Fig 3.
Investigation of different cell density conditions.
(A) Glucose consumption. (B) Glutamine consumption. (C) Lactate concentration in the bioreactor. (D) Glucose concentration in the bioreactor. (E) Glutamine concentration in the bioreacor. (F) Glutamate concentration in the bioreactor. (G) Viable cell density in the bioreactor. (H) Virus titer at two cell densities. (I) Total virus concentration obtained at the two cell densities. Glucose, Glc; Glutamine, Gln; Glutamate, Glu; Lactate, Lac.
Fig 4.
Investigation of different human albumin concentrations.
(A) Glucose consumption. (B) Glutamine consumption. (C) Lactate concentration in the bioreactor. (D) Glucose concentration in the bioreactor. (E) Glutamine concentration in the bioreacor. (F) Glutamate concentration in the bioreactor. (G) Viable cell density in the bioreactor. (H) Virus titer at the two human serum albumin concentrations. (I) Total virus concentration obtained at two human serum albumin concentrations. Glucose, Glc; Glutamine, Gln; Glutamate, Glu; Lactate, Lac.
Fig 5.
Investigation of different feed strategies.
(A) Cell growth status in the R101 bioreactor. (B) Cell growth status in the R201 bioreactor. (C) Overview of glucose and glutamine concentrations, virus titer, and amounts of glucose and glutamine added in both bioreactors after virus inoculation. (D) Total virus concentration obtained from both bioreactors.