Fig 1.
Conceptual framework of the study.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and results of repeated measures analysis of variance for key variables.
Table 2.
Results of bonferroni post-hoc analysis for mean differences in happiness.
Table 3.
Results of bonferroni post-hoc analysis for mean differences in smartphone dependency.
Table 4.
Correlations among key variables.
Fig 2.
Comparison of Linear Growth and No-Change Models: (a) Happiness – No-Change Model; (b) Happiness – Linear Growth Model; (c) Smartphone Dependency – No-Change Model; (d) Smartphone Dependency – Linear Growth Model.
Table 5.
Model fit indices and parameter estimates for no-change and linear growth models of happiness and smartphone dependency.
Table 6.
Final Model’s Fit Indices.
Fig 3.
Final structural model.
Table 7.
Path coefficients of smartphone dependency’s effects on happiness among children.