Fig 1.
Comparative entropy and information diversity between coding and non-coding regions of DNA.
(A) Shannon entropy shows a significant difference between coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions exhibit a higher average Shannon entropy (1.92 bits) compared to non-coding regions (1.81 bits). Statistical significance was determined (T-test: p = 5.03 × 10-69), underscoring robust differences in informational complexity. (B) Distributions of Shannon entropy values for coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions exhibit a narrower distribution with lower variability, suggesting consistent information density. Non-coding regions show broader variability, potentially reflecting their dual roles as stabilizing buffers and adaptive sensors for external signals. (C) Von Neumann entropy values. The plot illustrates the distinct distributions of quantum entropy for the two types of regions. Coding regions have higher and more consistent entropy values (mean: 0.6576, lower standard deviation), reflecting their role in managing stable and structured quantum information for biological processes. Non-coding regions display lower mean entropy (0.5925) but greater variability (T-test: p = 7.73 × 10-22).
Fig 2.
Quantum state evolution of DNA under varying conditions of cosmic perturbations.
(A) Quantum amplitude distributions without external perturbations. Coding regions (not shown) exhibit more stable and uniform amplitude values, reflecting their role as stable quantum circuits. Non-coding regions display broader variability in amplitudes (T-test, p = 2.76 × 10^-56). (B) Evolution of quantum states under external perturbations (34 GHz cosmic radiation), simulated over the first 1,000 steps. (C) Power spectrum analysis of phase oscillations under external perturbations with a simulated Doppler-shifted 34 GHz signal. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was applied to the phase data to compute the spectral power, highlighting how DNA regions respond to specific frequency ranges. The average power ratio (real data: 2.77, control: 1.32) showed that different DNA regions have distinct behavior.
Fig 3.
Proton tunneling dynamics in DNA under external 34 GHz perturbations with a Doppler-shifted wave (0.0008 Hz).
The plot illustrates the evolution of proton tunneling probabilities within coding and non-coding regions.