Fig 1.
Experimental design showing Hediste diversicolor juveniles reared under two dietary treatments (commercial sturgeon feed, C; sturgeon waste effluent, W) and four stocking densities (D1 = 1000, D2 = 2500, D3 = 5000, D4 = 7500 ind. m ⁻ ²).
Each treatment–density combination was conducted in triplicate (three independent 40-L tanks) containing sterilized sand substrate.
Table 1.
Proximate composition (%; mean ± SD) of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) formulated feed and processing by-products used as experimental diets. Superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences between feed types (P < 0.05).
Table 2.
Growth and survival parameters of Hediste diversicolor under commercial (C) and sturgeon waste (W) feeding regimes across different stocking densities. For statistical significance, lowercase letters indicate differences among commercial feed groups (C1–C4), and uppercase letters indicate differences among waste feed groups (W1–W4) (P < 0.05).
Fig 2.
Comparison of biomass increase (A), specific growth rate (B), and survival rate (C) in H. diversicolor cultured at different stocking densities and fed either beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) formulated feed (C) or processing byproducts (W).
Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between feed types at each density (independent samples t-tests, P < 0.05).
Table 3.
Proximate composition (%; mean ± SD) of Hediste diversicolor under commercial (C) and waste (W) feeding regimes across four stocking densities (60 d). Lowercase letters indicate significant differences among commercial feed groups (C1–C4), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences among waste feed groups (W1–W4) (one-way ANOVA, Duncan’s test, P < 0.05). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between diets within the same density (independent-samples t-test, P < 0.05).
Table 4.
Fatty acid profiles of Hediste diversicolor polychaetes fed commercial feed (C) and beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) by-product feed (W) at four stocking densities over a 60-day culture period. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences among stocking densities within the commercial feed groups (C1–C4), and uppercase letters indicate significant differences among stocking densities within the waste feed groups (W1–W4), as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (P < 0.05). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between diets at the same stocking density based on independent-samples t-tests (P < 0.05).
Table 5.
Fatty acid profile analysis of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) formulated feed and processing byproducts. Values are expressed as mean percentage of total fatty acids ± SD (n = 4). Superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences between feed types (P < 0.05).