Fig 1.
Average GII scores across ASEAN (2011–2022).
Fig 2.
SDG Index scores for ASEAN (2011-2022).
Table 1.
Description of Data.
Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics.
Table 3.
Correlation Matrix.
Table 4.
OLS Regression Results with Multicollinearity Diagnostics.
Table 5.
Cross-Sectional Dependence Diagnostics.
Table 6.
Fixed-Effects Regression Results (Model 1: without year FE; Model 2: with year FE).
Table 7.
Robust Hausman (Sargan-Hansen) test.
Table 8.
Fixed-Effects Regression with Interaction Terms (Model 1: without year FE; Model 2: with year FE).
Table 9.
Driscoll-Kraay FE Estimates for Baseline and Moderated Models.
Fig 3.
Marginal effects of governance on innovation pillars (with year fixed effects).