Fig 1.
Overview of the study design.
Fig 2.
Overview of the bibliometric analysis of tirzepatide-related adverse events.
(A) Scientific output by country. (B) Annual scientific production. (C) Thematic map of tirzepatide-related adverse events. Each theme is characterized by two metrics: density, indicating the degree of development, and centrality, reflecting cohesiveness within clusters and correlation across topics. Higher density denotes greater development, and higher centrality indicates greater relevance.
Table 1.
Characteristics of cases with tirzepatide-related gastrointestinal disorder sourced from the FAERS database.
Fig 3.
RORs of tirzepatide-associated GIAEs.
(A) ROR at the SOC level. (B) Venn diagram of ROR based on sex at the PT level. (C) Venn diagram of ROR based on age at the PT level. (D) All positive ROR across sexes at the PT level. (E) All positive ROR across age groups at the PT level. Abbreviations: ROR, reporting odds ratio; GIAEs, gastrointestinal adverse events; SOC, system organ class; PT, preferred term.
Fig 4.
(A) Violin plot of tirzepatide-related GIAE onset across age and sex subgroups. Cumulative distribution curves show tirzepatide-related GIAE onset stratified by (B) sex and (C) age. Statistical significance was assessed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Abbreviation: GIAEs, gastrointestinal adverse events.
Fig 5.
Factors influencing tirzepatide-related GIAEs.
(A) Number of drugs used in combination. (B) Percentage of tirzepatide-related GIAEs with and without co-reported adverse events. (C) SOC statistics for PTs of co-reported adverse events, with counts and percentages of cases among tirzepatide-related GIAEs. (D) Top 30 co-administered drugs based on reported frequency. (E) Univariate logistic regression results for factors associated with tirzepatide-related GIAEs. Abbreviations: GIAEs, gastrointestinal adverse events; SOC, system organ class; PTs, preferred terms.
Fig 6.
Sensitivity analysis of RORs for tirzepatide-related GIAEs.
Abbreviations: ROR, reporting odds ratio; GIAEs, gastrointestinal adverse events.