Table 1.
Fig 1.
Table 2.
Specifications of sutures investigated for mechanical properties.
Fig 2.
(a) The schematic representation of the modified custom-designed mount to grip the suture, experimental setup for (b) straight, (c) knotted, and (d) looped configurations.
Fig 3.
The experimental snapshots for (a) straight, (b) knotted, and (c) looped configurations.
Fig 4.
The Experimental setup for evaluating the mechanical properties of the sutures contains the Uniaxial Testing Machine (UTM),
the Load Cell,
custom-designed mount to firmly grip
the suture,
data acquisition system and recording device (not shown in the image).
Fig 5.
The load vs. extension curve in straight, knotted, and looped configurations of (a)-(c) 6-0/7-0/8-0 Vicryl, (d)-(f) 8-0/9-0/10-0 Nylon, (g)-(h) 9-0/10-0 Polypropylene.
Fig 6.
Failure modes of fibers: (a) Heakled failure (HF), (b) Mushroom failure (MF), (c) Tensile-Shear failure-1 (TSF-1), (d) Tensile-Shear failure-2 (TSF-2), (e) Distributed failure (DF), (f) Confusion failure (CF), (g) Brittle failure (BF), and (h) Hackled failure with permanent deformation (HF-PD).
Table 3.
Frequently observed fracture morphologies in Ophthalmic sutures.
Fig 7.
SEM fractography of (a-d) Vicryl, (e-h) Nylon, and (i-l) Polypropylene sutures failed under uniaxial tensile load.
Fig 8.
(a) Initial stiffness, (b) yield strength, (c) breaking strength, (d) elongation at break, (e) resilience, and (f) work of rupture for 6–0/7–0/8–0 Vicryl, 8–0/9–0/10–0 Nylon, 9–0/10–0 Polypropylene sutures in straight, knotted, and looped configurations.
Fig 9.
Mechanical properties map for ophthalmic applications.