Fig 1.
Schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments.
*Age, sex, gender, housing, education, smoking status, chronic conditions, past surgeries, falls and fracture history, healthcare utilization past 3 months, mobility aids, and participation in other activation/social programs. † Height and weight, heart rate, and blood pressure. ‡ Medications, dietary/oral nutritional supplements, vitamins/minerals. § Exercise barriers, side effects to exercise, barriers to transportation to the YMCA, facilitators/interests in having a healthy level of activity and eating well. || Fitness measure; post-400m walk test. ¶ Number of visits to primary care provider, walk-in clinic, specialist visits, physiotherapist, urgent care, emergency department; hospitalizations. Collect past 3 months at the baseline assessment. ** Up to 75 participants screened for sarcopenia based on the AWGS guidelines undergo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and a subset of 36 participants of those 75 participants will undergo an MRI at a time (max. 1 month) separate from the primary baseline assessments. Participants who are invited to participate in this sarcopenia substudy will be randomly selected from all 3 study arms. †† Muscle Mass = Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); = JAMAR Hydraulic hand dynamometer.
Fig 2.
Study overview.
Table 1.
Summary of Interventions by Study Arm.
Table 2.
OPTIMAL Fitness Exercise Components.
Fig 3.
Study intervention and outcome assessments.
Table 3.
Reliability and Validity of Outcomes.