Fig 1.
Heat map of correlation among the three groups of gastric juice samples.
Sample names are plotted on the top and leftaxes. Each cell indicates the correlation between two samples, with different colors representing the relative magnitude of the inter-sample correlation coefficient. Branch lengths in the dendrogram indicate the relative distances between samples, with samples on the same branch being more similar.
Fig 2.
Differences in metabolic profile between BRG group and Control group.
Fig 3.
Analysis of differential metabolites.
(A) Venn diagram of differential metabolites between BRG group and others. (B) The Volcano Plot between BRG Group and Control Group.
Fig 4.
Cluster analysis of differential metabolites.
A. Bubble plots of KEGG topological analysis (BRG group and Control group). Each bubble in the chart denotes a KEGG pathway. The horizontal axis represents the magnitude of the impact value of metabolites in each pathway, and the vertical axis represents the significance of metabolite involvement in pathway enrichment (-log2(P-value)). Bubble size indicates the magnitude of the impact value, with larger bubbles having a greater impact. Different colors denote different P-values of pathway enrichment. B. Column chart of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites (BRG group and Control group). Each column in the chart represents a specific pathway, with the height indicating the level of enrichment. pathway. The text on the horizontal axis indicates the name and category of the pathway, and the description of the category is shown in the upper left corner. The height of the column represents the enrichment coefficient, which is calculated by the ratio of the number of samples to the background number. Column color indicates the significance of enrichment (i.e., P-value), with darker colors indicating more significant pathway enrichment. A darker shade corresponds to a lower P-value, with ***P < 0.001 indicating very high significance, **P < 0.01 indicating high significance, and *P < 0.05 indicating moderate significance. The color gradient on the right shows the colors corresponding to the various P-values.
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of healthy controls (C), BRG patients (A), and (BRG-)patients (B).
Fig 5.
Performance analysis of gastric juice and peripheral blood TBA levels in the diagnosis of BRG.
Fig 6.
Multivariate analysis of BA-targeted metabolomics data from gastric juice samples.
A. PCA score plot. B. Sample correlation heat map. C. Heat map of normalized concentrations of conjugated BAs in gastric juice. The color of each cell in the heat map corresponds to the normalized and log-transformed original abundance of each BA in each sample. D. Concentration of total BAs in gastric juice. E. Concentration of conjugated BAs in gastric juice. F. pH of gastric juice. G. Heat map of Spearman’s correlation coefficients of two elevated BAs (TLCA, GLCA), 2 decreased BAs (HDCA, apoCA), and pH in gastric juice. Cell colors indicate the values of the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. H. Concentration of TDCA in gastric juice (mean). Differences between groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. **: P < 0.01, *: P < 0.05.