Fig 1.
Flow chart of the study participants.
Participants were categorized into quartiles based on baseline IC scores. The number of stroke cases listed in each quartile (e.g., “148 stroke” in Quartile 1) represents the number of participants within that IC quartile who experienced incident stroke during the follow-up period (2011–2020).
Table 1.
Demographic and household characteristics of study participants by intrinsic capacity levelpatient demographics and baseline characteristics.
Table 2.
Association between intrinsic capacity and stroke incidence.
Fig 2.
Kaplan–Meier curves for cumulative stroke incidence by IC level.
The x-axis represents years since baseline, and the y-axis indicates cumulative stroke-free survival probability.
Fig 3.
Association of IC and the risk of stroke using a multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spines model.
The thick line indicates adjusted hazard ratio; shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval. The vertical dashed line marks IC = 3, and the horizontal dashed line denotes HR = 1.0.
Fig 4.
Subgroup and interaction analyses of the association between IC and stroke risk.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke associated with higher intrinsic capacity (IC) levels were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models across various subgroups. Models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and health-related covariates. Interaction P-values indicate whether the association between IC and stroke risk significantly differs among subgroups.
Table 3.
Association between intrinsic capacity and stroke after excluding cognitively impaired participants.
Table 4.
Association between intrinsic capacity and stroke after excluding participants aged ≥80 years.