Fig 1.
The illustration of the IEEE 69-node ACDN.
Fig 2.
The illustration of the IEEE 85-node ACDN.
Table 1.
The settings of FGO and AOO across all the scenarios conducted within the study.
Fig 3.
The results after 50 trial tests for the IEEE 69-node ACDN: a) Scenarios 1 and b) Scenarios 2.
Fig 4.
The best convergence curves of FGO and AOO in a) Scenario 1 and b) scenario 2 in the IEEE 69-node ACDN.
Table 2.
The computing time (second) of FGO and AOO in two scenarios in IEEE 69-node ACDN.
Fig 5.
The results after 50 trial test of the two algorithms in Scenarios 1 and Scenarios 2 on the IEEE 85-node ACDN.
Fig 6.
The best convergence curves of FGO and AOO for the IEEE 85-node ACDN in a) Scenarios 1 and b) Scenarios 2.
Table 3.
The computing time (second) of FGO and AOO in two scenarios in IEEE 85-node ACDN.
Table 4.
The quantity of desired values.
Fig 7.
The result comparisons for the IEEE 69-node system: a) Scenario 1 and b) Scenario 2.
Fig 8.
The result comparisons for the IEEE 85-node system: a) Scenario 1 and b) Scenario 2.
Fig 9.
The illustration of the Chinfon cement feeder ACDN with 55 nodes.
Table 5.
The quantity of desired variables in the four scenarios.
Fig 10.
The TAPL value achieved by the two appplied algorithms in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 on the Chinfon distribution feeder.
Fig 11.
The TAPL value achieved by the two appplied algorithms in Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 on the Chinfon distribution feeder.
Table 6.
The optimal solution determined by AOO in the four conducted on the Chinfon Feeder ACDN.
Table 7.
The penetration level of PVDGs and SCG in the four scenario.
Fig 12.
The TAPL values achieved by FGO and AOO in the four scenario.
Fig 13.
The amount of active and reactive power injected to the grid in four penetration levels.
Fig 14.
The voltage summary achieved on the four penetration levels.
Fig 15.
The power supplied by a) PVDG 1, b) PVDG 2, and 3) PVDG 3 within 24 hours in a average day of each month in Scenario 1.
Fig 16.
The power loss value in an average day of the twelve months: a) Scenario 1, and b) the base system.
Fig 17.
The power loss reduction at each hour in an average day of the twelve months in the Scenario 1.
Fig 18.
The voltage profile within 24 hours in an average day of the twelve months in a year achieved in Scenario 1.
Fig 19.
The power supplied by a) PVDG 1, b) PVDG 2, and 3) PVDG 3 within 24 hours in a average day of each month in Scenario 2.
Fig 20.
The power loss value in an average day of the twelve months: a) Scenario 2, and b) the base system.
Fig 21.
The power loss reduction of each hour of the four months in the Scenario 2.
Fig 22.
The voltage profile within 24 hours in an average day of the twelve months in a year achieved in Scenario 2.
Fig 23.
The power supplied by a) PVDG 1, b) PVDG 2, and 3) PVDG 3 within 24 hours in a average day of each month in Scenario 3.
Fig 24.
The power loss value in an average day of the twelve months: a) Scenario 3, and b) the base system.
Fig 25.
The power loss reduction of each hour of the four months of the Scenario 3 compared to the base system.
Fig 26.
The voltage profile within 24 hours in an average day of the twelve months in Scenario 3.
Fig 27.
The power supplied by a) PVDG 1, b) PVDG 2, and 3) PVDG 3 within 24 hours in a average day of each month in Scenario 4.
Fig 28.
The power loss value in an average day of the twelve months: a) Scenario 4, and b) the base system.
Fig 29.
The power loss reduction of each hour of the four months in the Scenario 4̣.
Fig 30.
The voltage profile within 24 hours in an average day of a) January, b) April, c) July, and d) October of Scenario 4.
Fig 31.
The optimal power output of the three PVs while operating within 12 months.
Fig 32.
The comparison on power loss values achieved in four scenarios of a) January, b) April, c) July, and d) October.
Table 8.
Electricity price issued by TOUT.
Table 9.
The specific values of the terms in Equations (35) and (36).
Table 10.
The presentation of all types of cost throughout 15 year of the considered PVDG project.
Table 11.
Total annual cost ($) of two cases with and without PVDGs project, benefit and accumulated profit.