Fig 1.
Dynamic model of the tower crane under wind excitation.
Table 1.
Tower crane structure parameters.
Table 2.
Tower crane material parameters.
Fig 2.
Wind-Tower jib-load energy transfer.
Fig 3.
CFD/CSD coupling simulation domain and boundary conditions.
Fig 4.
Multiphysics interaction influence mechanism.
Fig 5.
Tower crane CFD/CSD two-way coupling analysis process.
Fig 6.
Multibody dynamics model and soft body meshing.
Fig 7.
Mesh independence verification results of soft structure area.
Fig 8.
Operation settings.
Fig 9.
Schematic diagram of the full wind direction angle domain.
Fig 10.
Wind field model and meshing of different wind direction angles.
(a) 0° and 180° wind angles; (b) ±90° wind angle; (c) ±45° and ±135° wind angle.
Fig 11.
Mesh independence verification results of fluid area.
Fig 12.
Comparative assessment of RNG, LES, and DES models for predicting wind-induced load swing behavior.
(a) 6m/s wind excitation; (b) 10m/s wind excitation.
Fig 13.
Load space swing trajectory.
Table 3.
QTZ55 tower crane parameters.
Fig 14.
Load swing behavior under luffing operation.
Fig 15.
Load windward Contour plot.
Fig 16.
Changes in wind pressure of the load in the slewing operation.
Table 4.
Luffing operation.
Table 5.
Slewing operation.
Fig 17.
Vector Plot of the wind excitation of the tower jib.
Fig 18.
The load swing angle under the rigid and soft jib.
(a) Luffing operation; (b) Slewing operation.
Fig 19.
Load swing behavior of composite operation and single working operations.
(a) Horizontal wind excitation; (b) Lateral wind excitation.
Fig 20.
Load swing behavior under different luffing and slewing speeds.
(a) Luffing operation; (b) Slewing operation.
Fig 21.
Load swing behavior at different wind speed.
(a) Luffing operation; (b) Slewing operation.
Fig 22.
RMS diagram of load swing angle at different wind speed.
Table 6.
Corresponding names of wind direction angles. (#0 means no wind condition).
Fig 23.
Load swing behavior under luffing operation.
Fig 24.
Load swing behavior under slewing operation.
Fig 25.
RMS diagram of load swing angle at different wind direction.
Table 7.
Wind direction of hazardous operations.
Fig 26.
Load radial/tangential swing angle correlation.
(a) Luffing operation; (b) Slewing operation. (where X and Y represent the radial swing angle and the tangential swing angle, and the number 1,2,3… indicate the wind direction at different angles, refer to Table 6.).