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Table 1.

and with different homogeneity degrees.

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 1.

Numerical model of heterogeneous compressive strength and homogeneous elastic modulus.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Deformation and failure modes of different numerical models, the left side is the maximum principal stress cloud map, the middle is the elastic modulus cloud map, and the right side is the AE cloud map.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-2-SHe.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-4-SHe.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-6-SHe.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-8-SHe.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-10-SHe.

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Fig 7 Expand

Fig 8.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-12-SHe.

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-14-SHe.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-16-SHe.

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Fig 10 Expand

Fig 11.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-18-SHe.

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Fig 11 Expand

Fig 12.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-20-SHe.

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Fig 12 Expand

Table 2.

The dilatancy capacity, compressive strength, AE quantity and AE energy of different numerical models when the side length of the numerical model is 10 mm.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 13.

Variation trend of dilatancy capacity in different numerical models.

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Fig 13 Expand

Fig 14.

Variation trend of AE in different numerical models.

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Fig 14 Expand

Table 3.

The dilatancy capacity, compressive strength, AE quantity and AE energy of each numerical model with the size of the heterogeneous region of compressive strength remaining unchanged (0.001*0.001 m) and the overall numerical model gradually increasing.

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Table 3 Expand

Fig 15.

Deformation and failure modes of different numerical models.

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Fig 15 Expand

Fig 16.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 30-2-SHe.

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Fig 16 Expand

Fig 17.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 40-2-SHe.

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Fig 17 Expand

Fig 18.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 50-2-SHe.

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Fig 18 Expand

Fig 19.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 60-2-SHe.

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Fig 19 Expand

Table 4.

The size of the heterogeneous region of compressive strength that leads to the overall failure of the numerical model.

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Table 4 Expand

Fig 20.

Deformation form of numerical model.

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Fig 20 Expand

Fig 21.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-2-EHe with a homogeneity of 1.5.

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Fig 21 Expand

Fig 22.

Numerical models of heterogeneous compressive strength and homogeneous elastic modulus.

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Fig 22 Expand

Table 5.

The dilatancy capacity, compressive strength, AE quantity and AE energy of the numerical model in heterogeneous regions with different elastic moduli when the side length of the numerical model is 0.01 m.

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Table 5 Expand

Fig 23.

Failure Modes of different numerical models.

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Fig 23 Expand

Fig 24.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-2-EHe.

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Fig 24 Expand

Fig 25.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-4-EHe.

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Fig 25 Expand

Table 6.

The dilatancy capacity, compressive strength, AE quantity and AE energy of each numerical model with the size of the elastic modulus heterogeneous region remaining unchanged (0.001*0.001 m) and the numerical model gradually increasing as a whole.

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Table 6 Expand

Fig 26.

Failure Modes of different numerical models.

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Fig 26 Expand

Fig 27.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 30-2-EHe.

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Fig 27 Expand

Fig 28.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 40-2-EHe.

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Fig 28 Expand

Fig 29.

Variation trends of AE quantity and AE energy in different numerical models.

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Fig 29 Expand

Fig 30.

Failure Modes of different numerical models.

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Fig 30 Expand

Fig 31.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-2-EHe with a homogeneity of 1.5.

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Fig 31 Expand

Fig 32.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of numerical model 20-2-SHe with a homogeneity of 1.5.

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Fig 32 Expand

Fig 33.

Failure mode of the numerical model.

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Fig 33 Expand

Fig 34.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of the numerical model 20-2-EHe when the elastic modulus is expanded by 1.7 times.

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Fig 34 Expand

Fig 35.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of the numerical model 20-2-EHe when the elastic modulus is expanded by 1.8 times.

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Fig 35 Expand

Fig 36.

Variation trends of AE quantity, AE energy and volume strain of the numerical model 20-2-SHe when its compressive strength is expanded by 10 times.

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Fig 36 Expand