Fig 1.
(a) The isometric-view (b) Side-view of dielectric details (c) Patch dimension details (d) Ground dimension details.
Table 1.
Optimal dimensions of 28.0/38.0 GHz single-port antenna.
Fig 2.
Evolution and equivalent-circuit-model (ECM) analysis of single-port mmWave antenna.
(a) Evolution steps (b) ECM (c) Re-Img. Graph (d) S-parameters (Evolution and comparison).
Table 2.
S11 and ECM bandwidth comparison.
Fig 3.
The parametric analysis of key parameters affecting resonance frequency.
(a) R1, R2 (b) W3.
Fig 4.
(a) 3D-view (b) Optimal-dimensions (c) Simulation-model (d) Reflection phase response (e) S-parameter analysis.
Fig 5.
(a) Patch-arrangement in 3D-view (b) S-parameter(s); 3D-pattern at (c) 28.0 GHz (d) 38.0 GHz; SFD analysis at (e) 28.0 GHz (f) 38.0 GHz.
Fig 6.
The dual-band four-port MIMO antenna.
(a) Isometric-view (b) Optimal-dimension; SFD at (f)-(g) 28.0 GHz with single-port and four-port excitation (h)-(i) 38.0 GHz with single-port and four-port excitation.
Fig 7.
Loading of FSS-array with MIMO antenna.
(a) Simulation model of FSS (b) FSS-array prototype (c)-(d) 2D-radiation patterns at 28.0 GHz and 38.0 GHz (e)-(f) 3D-view of simulated-fabricated MIMO antenna loaded with FSS (g)-(h) 3D-radiation patterns at 28.0 GHz without and 38.0 GHz (i)-(j) Simulated-Measured reflection-coefficients (k)-(l) Simulated-Measured transmission-coefficients.
Table 3.
Comparison of simulated-measured diversity parameters.
Fig 8.
Simulated-Measured diversity parameters.
(a)-(b) ECC (c)-(d) DG (e)-(f) TARC (g)-(h) CCL; SAR analysis (i) MIMO antenna placed near Human-head phantom (MIMO-HHP) model (j) MIMO antenna loaded with placed near Human-head phantom (MIMO-HHP) model; SAR analysis (pi = 50 mW) of MIMO antenna at (k) 28.0 GHz (l) 38.0 GHz; SAR analysis (pi = 500 mW) of MIMO antenna at (m) 28.0 GHz (n) 38.0 GHz; SAR analysis (pi = 50 mW) of MIMO antenna loaded with FSS at (o) 28.0 GHz (p) 38.0 GHz; SAR analysis (pi = 500 mW) of MIMO antenna loaded with FSS at (q) 28.0 GHz (r) 38.0 GHz.
Table 4.
Electrical properties of tissue model at various frequencies [43,44].
Table 5.
SAR values of eight-port MIMO antenna without and with FSS.
Fig 9.
Simulated-Measured far-field results.
(a)-(b) 2D-radiation patterns at 28.0 GHz and 38.0 GHz (c)-(d) Radiation efficiency in n257 and n260 millimeter-wave bands.
Table 6.
State-of-the-art comparison of the proposed MIMO antenna with FSS.