Fig 1.
The four IV line securement devices tested, shown applied to the arm according to manufacturer instructions and with IV line secured in the device in a linear line securement arrangement: (a) micropore tape, (b) Grip-Lok, (c) IV bracelet, (d) Javelo.
Fig 2.
(a) Diagram of the test setup for a pull-out scenario in a uniaxial materials testing machine. Load cell, bespoke pulley fixture, device, IV line, and arm shown. (b) Photograph of the pull-out testing setup with micropore tape as the device used.
Fig 3.
Diagrams of the different testing setups.
(a) Bird’s eye view of the pull-out test, (b) bird’s eye view of the 135° test, (c) bird’s eye view of the 90° test, (d) peel-off testing setup, which is identical to the pull-out test but with the pulley fixture removed.
Fig 4.
Water contact indicator tape applied to participant’s arm next to device. Indication of perspiration was identified by a solid red line around the full-perimeter of the tape segment, with red penetrating towards the centre of the tape segment: (a) before cardiovascular exercise, (b) part-way through exercise with partial indication, (c) full indication at which point participants performed five additional minutes of exercise before testing commenced.
Fig 5.
Box and whisker plots of peak forces during pull-out (Stage 1) testing for each of the four devices tested: micropore tape, Grip-Lok, Javelo, and Medow. The results of a Friedman test with post-hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a Benjamini-Hochberg correction procedure are displayed. n = 10. ***p-adj < 0.001; ns = no significance.
Fig 6.
Paired plots of peak forces during the angled and perspiration pull-out (Stage 2) testing: 90°, 135°, peel-off, and perspiration pull-out. The Grip-Lok and Javelo devices were tested. The results of one-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a Benjamini-Hochberg correction procedure between the devices for each of the four tests are displayed. n = 10. *p-adj < 0.05; ns = no significance.
Table 1.
Comfort survey results. The results of the comfort survey completed by participants after Stage 1 trials. The average rank for each device (where 1 is most comfortable and 4 is least comfortable) and the proportion of participants that ranked each device as ‘most comfortable’ are shown. n = 10.