Fig 1.
Eligibility assessment and cohort formation for ICU-admitted acute abdomen patients undergoing emergency surgery (March 2016–August 2023) This figure shows the selection of patients with cancer and acute abdomen who required emergency surgery with subsequent ICU admission.
Of 424 screened patients, 150 were excluded for predefined clinical reasons. The final cohort included 274 eligible patients, comprising 145 in the pre-RRS period and 129 in the post-RRS period.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of ICU patients with acute abdomen.
Table 2.
Comparison of pre- and postoperative ICU admissions of patients with acute abdomen.
Table 3.
Factors associated with survival of ICU patients with acute abdomen: univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Fig 2.
Forest plot of odds ratios for prognostic factors in ICU patients with acute abdomen (March 2016–August 2023).
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CRRT, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; RRS, Rapid Response System. This figure presents the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for variables included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The post-RRS period, preoperative ICU admission, metastatic disease, higher APACHE II score, and CRRT use were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality, whereas lactic acid level and study year were not significant predictors.
Fig 3.
Kaplan–Meier survival curve for ICU patients with acute abdomen, comparing RRS implementation (March 2016–August 2023).
ICU, intensive care unit; RRS, Rapid Response System; The curve shows the survival probability of patients over time (in days) based on the presence or absence of the RRS. The blue line represents the period when the RRS was operational, while the red line indicates the period without RRS intervention. The number-at-risk table below the plot displays the number of patients remaining under observation at different time points.