Fig 1.
Antenna design evolution.
Table 1.
Optimal geometry of different antennas.
Fig 2.
Simulated results of different antennas.
(a) |S11|, and (b) Gain.
Fig 3.
Equivalent magnetic currents flowing on different antennas.
Fig 4.
Simulated (a) E-field distribution and (b) vector currents and radiation pattern on different antennas.
Fig 5.
Simulated cross-sectional E-field distribution along the dash line ab.
Fig 6.
Simulated of the conventional and proposed designs.
Fig 7.
Simulated radiation patterns of the conventional and proposed designs.
Fig 8.
Equivalent circuit of the proposed miniaturized antenna, Antenna #4.
Fig 9.
Simulated for different widths of the coupled gaps, g.
Fig 10.
Simulated for different lengths of the coupled gaps, s.
Fig 11.
Simulated versus changes in the shorting pin’s position,
.
Fig 12.
Photos of the fabricated antenna prototype.
Fig 13.
Simulated and measured of the proposed miniaturized antenna.
Fig 14.
Simulated and measured realized gain of the proposed miniaturized antenna.
Fig 15.
Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the proposed miniaturized antenna.
Table 2.
Performance comparison among compact antennas.
Fig 16.
Geometry of the further miniaturized patch antenna.
Fig 17.
Simulated and broadside gain of different miniaturized antennas.
Fig 18.
Simulated radiation patterns at 4.34 GHz of the further miniaturized patch antenna.