Fig 1.
Study flow diagram.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the UKB stratified by the quartile of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index.
Table 2.
HR and 95%CI for chronic kidney disease by the quartile of energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index.
Fig 2.
The association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and incident CKD.
a) Heatmap of kidney function, inflammatory indicators and the DII score.Restricted cubic splines of E-DII with b) CRP and c) SII. The dose-response relationship of the E-DII with d) all incident CKD, e) early-stage CKD and f) moderate to late CKD.
Fig 3.
Subgroup analysis and HR (95% CI) for incident CKD associated with energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index.
Adjusted for age and gender education, employment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity (> 10 mins/week), BMI, sleep duration, WHratio, history of hypertension, diabetes, chronic heart disease, ACEIs, statins, insulin, and metformin.