Fig 1.
Particle gradation of sand.
Fig 2.
Raw materials for friction reducing agents.
(a) Sodium Bentonite. (b) SM. (c) PAM. (d) Na2CO3.
Fig 3.
Raw materials of anti-seepage agent.
(a) Polyols. (b) Na2O·3.1SiO2. (c) Polyisocyanates. (d) TEA. (e) DBTDL.
Fig 4.
Schematic diagram of the structure of the joint part of the pipe section.
Table 1.
Main performance requirements of composite anti-seepage and friction-reducing agent.
Table 2.
Factor levels table for orthogonal test of friction reduction performance.
Table 3.
Factor levels table for orthogonal test of anti-permeability performance.
Fig 5.
Test methods of friction-reducing performance.
(a) Marsh Funnel Viscosity Test. (b) Filtration Loss Test. (c) Water Separation Rate Test. (d) Friction Coefficient Test.
Fig 6.
Test methods of anti-seepage performance.
(a) Density Test. (b) Viscosity Test. (c) Gel Time Test. (d) Permeability coefficient Test.
Fig 7.
Relationship between performance and concentration of bentonite-based friction reducing agent.
(a) Funnel Viscosity. (b) Filtration Loss. (c) Water Separation Rate. (d) Friction Coefficient.
Fig 8.
Influence of raw material ratio on the performance of friction reduction.
(a) Funnel Viscosity. (b) Filtration Loss. (c) Water Separation Rate. (d) Friction Coefficient.
Fig 9.
Influence of raw material ratio on anti-seepage performance.
(a) Density. (b) Viscosity. (c) Gel Time. (d) Permeability Coefficient.
Fig 10.
SEM analysis of sodium bentonite of friction reducing agent.
Fig 11.
SEM analysis of SM – PAM - Na2CO3.
(a) 5μm. (b) 10μm. (c) 50μm.
Fig 12.
SEM analysis of polyurethane- Na2O·3.1SiO2.
(a) 5μm. (b) 10μm. (c) 50μm.
Fig 13.
Radar chart of funnel viscosity, filtration loss and water separation rate.
Fig 14.
3D fitting of graphite, polyacrylamide and funnel viscosity, water loss and water separation rate.
Fig 15.
3D fitting of funnel viscosity, water loss and water separation rate.
Fig 16.
Radar chart of density, viscosity and gel time.
Fig 17.
3D fitting of TEA, DBTDL with density, viscosity and gel time.
Fig 18.
3D fitting of density, viscosity and gel time.