Fig 1.
Age-standardized Rates of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs due to Childhood Cancers by Global, SDI Levels, and GBD Regions, 2021.
Panels A, B, and C present the age-standardized rates and proportional burden of childhood cancers (ages 0-14) in terms of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs, respectively, across different GBD regions and SDI quintiles in 2021. YLDs = Years Lived with Disability, YLLs = Years of Life Lost, DALYs = Disability-Adjusted Life Years, GBD = Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.
Fig 2.
Childhood Cancers Ranked by Number of DALYs for Both Sexes Combined, 2021.
Inter-category ranking refers to vertical ranking across categories, including SDI quintiles (ordered from high to low) and the 21 GBD regions (ordered alphabetically). Intra-category ranking refers to horizontal ranking within categories, specifically within each SDI quintile and GBD region. Colour intensity is proportional to the absolute number of DALYs within each ranking category (columns or rows). Numerical rankings represent the total absolute DALYs, where rank 1 indicates the highest burden. SDI = Sociodemographic Index. DALY = disability-adjusted life-year. GBD = Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.
Fig 3.
Relationship Between Age-standardized DALYs Rates and Average Annual Percent Change for Childhood Cancers Across SDI Categories and GBD Regions, Both Sexes Combined, 2021.
This scatter plot illustrates the correlation between ASDR and AAPC for childhood cancers in 2021, across 21 GBD regions and five SDI levels. The vertical dashed red lines represent the 1/3 (−2.02%) and 2/3 (−1.43%) quantiles of AAPC, while the horizontal dashed red lines indicate the 1/3 (270.37 per 100,000) and 2/3 (350.77 per 100,000) quantiles of ASDR. Each point represents a region or SDI level, with color-coded categories reflecting nine combinations of ASDR and AAPC classifications: Low_Low, Low_Medium, Low_High, Medium_Low, Medium_Medium, Medium_High, High_Low, High_Medium, and High_High. Regions in the top-right quadrant (e.g., High_High) exhibit high age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) and high average annual percent change (AAPC), indicating both a high burden of childhood cancers and an increasing trend in the DALYs over time. Conversely, regions in the bottom-left quadrant (e.g., Low_Low) show low ASDR and low AAPC, reflecting a lower burden of childhood cancers and slower changes in DALYs over time. DALYs = disability-adjusted life years; AAPC = average annual percent change; ASDR = age-standardized DALYs rate; SDI = Sociodemographic Index; GBD = Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.
Fig 4.
Leading Causes of DALYs for Childhood Cancers (1990-2015-2021).
This figure shows the leading causes of DALYs for childhood cancers from 1990 to 2021. The leftmost column presents the leading cancer types and their corresponding ASDR in 1990, while the middle column shows the data for 2015, and the rightmost column presents the 2021 data. The numbers for each cancer type are accompanied by their ASDR values in parentheses. The dashed lines highlight the transitions between the top-ranked cancers across the years, illustrating trends in the leading causes of DALYs in childhood cancers. The chart emphasizes the shifts in childhood cancer burdens over the three decades. DALYs = disability-adjusted life years; ASDR = age-standardized DALYs rate.
Fig 5.
Health Inequality Regression Curves and Concentration Curves for the Incidence, Mortality, and DALYs of Childhood Cancer.
Panels A and B show the health inequality regression curves and concentration curves for the incidence of childhood cancer, respectively. Panels C and D display the health inequality regression curves and concentration curves for childhood cancer mortality, respectively. Panels E and F illustrate the health inequality regression curves and concentration curves for DALYs due to childhood cancer, respectively. DALYs = disability-adjusted life years; SDI = Sociodemographic Index.