Table 1.
Molecular docking parameters, results and validation of AFB1 with different proteins.
Fig 1.
Analysis of potential overlapping targets between AFB₁ and asthma.
(A) Venn diagram of the targets of AFB1 and asthma. (B) A total of 188 target genes of AFB1, 259 target genes of asthma, and 31 collective target genes were identified.
Fig 2.
Collective goal construction of the PPI network, where node size and color represent the node degree values.
Larger nodes and darker colors indicate higher node degree values.
Fig 3.
GO enrichment analysis of potential targets (top 10).
(A) The size of each bubble corresponds to the gene expression in a specific pathway. The color saturation of the bubbles indicates the significance of enrichment. (B) Histogram showing the top 10 enriched terms for each GO category (BP, CC, and MF) with small P values across 31 potential targets. P values reflect the statistical significance of enrichment, with lower values indicating greater significance. The height of each bar corresponds to the P value, which reflects the richness within the respective category. These enriched entries highlight the key biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions potentially affected by AFB1 exposure in asthma.
Fig 4.
KEGG enrichment analysis of potential targets.
(A) A bubble chart visualizes the top 20 enriched KEGG signaling pathways in reverse order of the P value. Each bubble represents a specific pathway, and the bubble area indicates the number of enriched genes in that pathway. The intensity of the bubble color indicates the importance of enrichment, with darker red shading indicating greater statistical significance of the pathway. (B) Histograms illustrating the enrichment frequency and significance of each pathway. The length of each bar corresponds to the gene count, indicating the enrichment score and significance level, with taller bars representing larger counts and higher enrichment levels.
Fig 5.
Molecular docking of each target protein with AFB1.
(A) AFB1 and PTGS2, (B) AFB1 and ADRB2, (C) AFB1 and CysLTR1, and (D) AFB1 and PTGS1 (from left to right: 3D and 2D structures).